Introduction and Evaluation of Colored Potato Germplasms
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摘要:
目的 通过对彩色马铃薯种质资源的引进与评价,为选育彩色马铃薯新品种奠定基础。 方法 引进6份彩色马铃薯种质资源(原种二代)在福建省农业科学院作物研究所青口试验基地进行主要农艺性状和品质分析评价的相关试验。 结果 引进的6份种质资源产量均比费乌瑞它(对照)低,维生素C含量均显著高于对照;华颂88的品质表现最佳,其蛋白质、维生素C、淀粉和总氨基酸含量都比对照高,其中:蛋白质(3.18 g·hg-1)、赖氨酸(119 mg·hg-1)、异亮氨酸(75 mg·hg-1)、苯丙氨酸(83 mg·hg-1)、亮氨酸(120 mg·hg-1)、苏氨酸(87 mg·hg-1)、组氨酸(41 mg·hg-1)、天门冬氨酸(546 mg·hg-1)、丝氨酸(77 mg·hg-1)、谷氨酸(549 mg·hg-1)、甘氨酸(71 mg·hg-1)、酪氨酸(68 mg·hg-1)、脯氨酸(71 mg·hg-1)、总氨基酸(2 277 mg·hg-1)含量在6份种质资源中均为最高;华颂66的维生素C含量(47.7 mg·hg-1)最高;青薯9号淀粉含量(22.4 g·hg-1)最高。 结论 综合考虑农艺性状与品质性状,并考虑到尽早利用这些种质资源选育彩色马铃薯新品种的现实需求,建议优先选用华颂88、华颂66和青薯9号这3份种质资源作为亲本配制杂交组合选育新品种。 Abstract:Objective To expand and utilize the resource of colored potato germplasms for breeding new varieties. Method Six new germplasms, obtained from Huasong Seeds Industry (Beijing) Co., Ltd. and others, were evaluated at Crop Institute. In November 2017, experiments were conducted at the Qingkou Station to determine the agronomic characteristics, yield and quality of these cultivars and the harvested tubers. Result The yields of these new cultivars were lower than that of the reference. However, vitamin C content was significantly higher in the new varieties with the highest of 47.7 mg·hg-1 in Huasong 66. The starch content of 22.4 g·hg-1 in Qingshu 9 was the highest of all, while the reducing sugar of 0.57 g·hg-1 in Hongmei, the lowest. The quality of Huasong 88 tubers was outstanding with higher protein, vitamin C, starch and total amino acid contents than control. Its protein at 3.18 g·hg-1, lysine at 119 mg·hg-1, isoleucine at 75 mg·hg-1, phenylalanine at 83 mg·hg-1, leucine at 120 mg·hg-1, threonine at 87 mg·hg-1, histidine at 41 mg·hg-1, asparaginic acid at 546 mg·hg-1, serine at 77 mg·hg-1, glycine at 71 mg·hg-1, tyrosine at 68 mg·hg-1, proline at 71 mg·hg-1, and total amino acids at 2277 mg·hg-1 were the highest of all tested species. Conclusion Considering the agronomic traits of the cultivars and the tuber quality as well as timely, effective utilization of resource, Huasong 88, Huasong 66 and Qingshu 9 were recommended for new variety crossbreeding. -
Key words:
- colored potatoes /
- comparative test /
- yield /
- quality
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表 1 参试种质资源(品种)的主要形态特征
Table 1. Major morphological characteristics of 6 germplasms
种质资源(品种)
Germplasm
(variety)株型
Plant
type茎色
Stem
color茎翼形状
Wing stem
shape小叶密集度
Leaflet
density叶色
Leaf
color薯形
Tuber
shape薯皮色
Tuber
color薯肉色
Flesh薯皮类型
Skin
type芽眼深浅
Eye
depth华颂88 Huasong 88 直立 绿带褐 直形 疏 绿色 椭圆形 红色 红色 光滑 中 华颂66 Huasong 66 直立 绿带褐 直形 疏 绿色 扁椭圆 紫色 紫色 光滑 中 红美 Hongmei 直立 绿带褐 直形 疏 绿色 扁椭圆 红色 红色 光滑 中 黑金刚 Heijingang 直立 绿带褐 直形 中 绿色 扁椭圆 紫色 紫色 光滑 中 青薯9号 Qingshu 9 直立 绿带褐 直形 疏 深绿 椭圆形 红色 中黄色 光滑 深 黑美人 Heimeiren 直立 褐色 直形 疏 绿色 扁椭圆 紫色 紫色 光滑 中 费乌瑞它 Favorita(CK) 直立 绿色 直形 疏 绿色 椭圆形 中黄色 中黄色 光滑 浅 表 2 参试种质资源(品种)的鲜薯产量比较
Table 2. Tuber yields of 6 germplasms
种质资源(品种)
Germplasm
(variety)小区产量 Plot yield/kg 均值
Mean
value/kg折合产量
Output conversion
/(kg·hm-2)比CK增产
Increase
rate/%5%显著水平
5% Significance
level1%极显著水平
1% Significance
levelⅠ Ⅱ Ⅲ 费乌瑞它 Favorita(CK) 71.32 71.58 72.68 71.86 37446 a A 青薯9号 Qingshu 9 62.42 62.98 61.38 62.26 32443 -13.36 b B 黑金刚 Heijingang 45.02 48.52 48.2 47.25 24622 -34.25 c C 黑美人 Heimeiren 43.54 46.12 45.9 45.19 23548 -37.11 cd C 红美 Hongmei 42.66 47.36 40.94 43.65 22746 -39.26 d C 华颂66 Huasong 66 36.68 33.96 33.48 34.71 18087 -51.70 e D 华颂88 Huasong 88 25.8 24.34 24.88 25.01 13033 -65.20 f E 表 3 参试种质资源(品种)的主要品质指标
Table 3. Major quality indices of 6 germplasms
种质资源(品种)
Germplasm(variety)蛋白质
Protein/
(g·hg-1)维生素C
Vitamin C
/(mg·hg-1)淀粉
Starch
/(g·hg-1)还原糖
Reducing sugar
/(g·hg-1)华颂88 Huasong 88 3.18a 41.9c 17.3b 0.79bc 华颂66 Huasong 66 2.08c 47.7a 15.1c 1.20a 红美 Hongmei 2.28bc 39.5d 15.1c 0.57d 黑金刚 Heijingang 2.55b 45.3b 11.5d 0.70c 青薯9号 Qingshu 9 2.16c 44.7b 22.4a 0.81b 黑美人 Heimeiren 2.00c 42.0c 17.4b 0.72c 费乌瑞它 Favorita(CK) 2.27bc 31.7e 11.8d 0.83b 表 4 参试种质资源(品种)的17种氨基酸含量
Table 4. Content of 17 amino acids in 6 germplasms
[(单位/(mg·hg-1)] 种质资源(品种)
Germplasm(variety)甲硫氨酸
Met缬草氨酸
Val赖氨酸
Lys异亮氨酸
Ile苯丙氨酸
Phe亮氨酸
Leu苏氨酸
Thr组氨酸
His天门冬氨酸
Asp丝氨酸
Ser谷氨酸
Glu甘氨酸
Gly丙氨酸
Ala胱氨酸
Cys酪氨酸
Tyr精氨酸
Arg脯氨酸
Pro合计
Total华颂88 Huasong 88 18ab 119b 119a 75a 83a 120a 87a 41a 546a 77a 549a 71a 64b 15b 68a 146b 71a 2277a 华颂88 Huasong 66 20a 96c 113a 64b 69bc 91bc 62bc 33b 387b 55c 256e 47cd 43c 6c 66a 155a 58b 1630bc 红美 Hongmei 13b 138a 105ab 63b 72b 100b 71b 36ab 289c 65b 389c 64b 84a 15b 53c 121c 55b 1743b 黑金刚 Heijingang 9c 84d 86c 49c 57c 81c 58c 26c 244c 53c 325d 58bc 60b 12bc 31d 089d 47c 1377d 青薯9号 Qingshu 9 15b 92c 89c 51c 48d 68d 50 d 26c 285c 48d 424b 43d 48c 11c 51c 112c 39d 1507c 黑美人 Heimeiren 21a 106b 97b 62bc 60c 79c 65bc 34ab 310bc 52cd 349cd 51c 60b 21a 60b 158a 45c 1635bc 费乌瑞它 Favorita(CK) 21a 110b 110ab 67b 82a 106ab 71b 33b 347bc 67b 365c 63b 62b 20a 63ab 82d 56b 1733b -
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