贵州草海小龙虾体内重金属富集与环境的关系

张旭; 冉景丞; 杨卫诚; 陶红梅; 姜连

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.02.017

贵州草海小龙虾体内重金属富集与环境的关系

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.02.017

张旭^1,,
冉景丞^2, ,,
杨卫诚^{1, 3},
陶红梅^{1, 3},
姜连^{1, 3}

1.
贵州师范大学生命科学学院, 贵州贵阳 550000
2.
贵州省林业厅, 贵州贵阳 550000
3.
贵州师范大学喀斯特洞穴研究中心, 贵州贵阳 550000

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 30560024

贵州省科技基金项目黔科合LH字LKS[2016]7207号

贵州省科技基金项目黔科合支撑[2017]2811号

贵州省科技基金项目黔科合重大专项字[2016]3022-03号

详细信息

作者简介:
张旭(1993-), 男, 硕士研究生, 研究方向:湿地生态学(E-mail:395001854@qq.com)

通讯作者:
冉景丞(1968-), 男, 研究员, 研究方向:喀斯特环境野生动植物保护(E-mail:Rjc68cn@126.com)

中图分类号: S971
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2018-12-28
- 修回日期: 2019-01-24
- 刊出日期: 2019-02-28

Heavy Metal Accumulation in Caohai Crayfish in Relation to Environmental Conditions

ZHANG Xu^1
,,
RAN Jing-cheng^{2
, ,},
YANG Wei-cheng^{1, 3},
TAO Hong-mei^{1, 3},
JIANG Lian^{1, 3}

1.
School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550000, China
2.
The Forestry Department of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, Guizhou 550000, China
3.
Karst Cave Research Center, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550000, China

摘要

摘要: 目的探究贵州草海小龙虾不同部位重金属的富集情况及与其生活环境间的关系，为小龙虾的安全健康养殖和水体重金属污染状况的科学评估提供依据。方法采集草海不同样地的水样、底泥和小龙虾样品，并对草海小龙虾进行不同浓度重金属Cu²⁺和Cd²⁺室内富集试验，运用原子吸收法测定小龙虾不同部位Cu、Cd、Pb、Zn、Hg等5种重金属的含量，采用Pearson相关性分析、方差分析对小龙虾不同部位重金属富集情况与样地环境进行分析。结果 5种重金属元素在小龙虾样品、底泥和水样中均有检出，检出率100%，5种重金属在小龙虾不同部位含量由大到小均呈现出内脏>虾壳>虾肉的规律；Pearson相关性分析结果表明小龙虾样品中的Cd、Pb、Zn含量与底泥中的相应元素具有显著正相关，与水样具有一定相关性但相关性不显著；室内不同浓度重金属Cu²⁺和Cd²⁺富集试验显示，随着重金属离子的浓度增高，小龙虾内脏中的重金属含量升高，虾壳、虾肉、螯肢变化不明显。结论小龙虾不同部位对重金属的富集能力不同，小龙虾体内重金属含量的高低与环境中重金属含量密切相关。
- 贵州 /
- 草海 /
- 小龙虾 /
- 重金属 /
- 相关性
Abstract: Objective Heavy metal accumulations in organs of crawfish at Caohai Lake in Guizhou were measured to determine the effect of environmental pollution, providing reference for the healthy cultivation of crayfish and scientific evaluation on the heavy metal contamination. Method Samples of water, sediment and crayfish were collected from various locations on the lake for heavy metal determination. An experiment of live crayfish cultivated under enriched Cu²⁺ and Cd²⁺ conditions was conducted in the laboratory to generate a simulated heavy metal transfer model. The contents of Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn and Hg in the collected soil and crayfish samples as well as in the various organs of the cultivated crayfish were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. Pearson correlation analysis and variance analysis were applied to analyze the data. Result All 5 heavy metals were detected in the crayfish, sediment and water samples from the lake. The metal contents in the crayfish organs differed in the order of viscera > shell > meat. The Pearson correlation analysis showed that Cd, Pb and Zn in the sampled crayfish significantly correlated with those in the sampled sediment, but not the water samples.The heavy metal concentration in the viscera, but not in the shell, meat or claw, of the crayfish raised in the lab increased with increasing heavy metal addition to the water. Conclusion The contamination of heavy metals in crayfish closely related to the conditions of the lake in which it lived. And, the heavy metal contents varied in different organs of the shellfish.
- Guizhou /
- Caohai Lake /
- crayfish /
- heavy metals /
- correlation

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表 1 小龙虾不同部位重金属含量

Table 1. Heavy metal contents in different organs of crayfish from Lake Caohai

样地 Site	铜Cu/(mg·kg^-1)			镉Cd/(mg·kg^-1)			铅Pb/(mg·kg^-1)			锌Zn/(mg·kg^-1)			汞Hg/(mg·kg^-1)
样地 Site	虾壳 Shrimp shell	虾肉 Shrimp meat	内脏 Viscera	虾壳 Shrimp shell	虾肉 Shrimp meat	内脏 Viscera	虾壳 Shrimp shell	虾肉 Shrimp meat	内脏 Viscera	虾壳 Shrimp shell	虾肉 Shrimp meat	内脏 Viscera	虾壳 Shrimp shell	虾肉 Shrimp meat	内脏 Viscera
江家湾 Jiangjianwan	15.41±0.12	4.58±0.21	10.64±0.17	0.17±0.03	0.10±0.04	0.78±0.32	1.20±0.11	0.74±0.35	2.24±0.07	74.45±0.37	31.89±0.42	103.00±0.39	0.06±0.03	0.01±0.00	0.21±0.04
西海码头 Xihaimatou	21.39±0.19	8.62±0.36	32.30±0.32	0.16±0.05	0.13±0.02	1.01±0.15	1.63±0.26	0.65±0.16	3.79±0.13	63.48±0.43	31.18±0.24	110.20±0.21	0.03±0.01	0.02±0.01	0.06±0.02
吴家岩头 Wujiayantou	15.66±0.27	5.43±0.21	29.37±0.19	0.52±0.33	0.04±0.01	1.06±0.28	0.75±0.35	0.34±0.25	1.05±0.29	75.72±0.33	36.94±0.25	132.60±0.32	0.05±0.04	0.03±0.01	0.12±0.02
喽啰山 Louluoshan	12.10±0.36	3.11±0.31	19.40±0.28	0.18±0.07	0.10±0.05	0.61±0.22	0.71±0.39	0.30±0.05	0.99±0.38	75.61±0.21	38.90±0.26	134.30±0.18	0.05±0.01	0.02±0.00	0.11±0.05
平均 Average	16.14±0.21	5.44±0.25	22.93±0.17	0.26±0.05	0.09±0.01	0.87±0.28	1.07±0.21	0.51±0.26	2.02±0.29	72.32±0.35	34.73±0.31	120.03±0.25	0.05±0.02	0.02±0.01	0.13±0.02

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表 2 水样和底泥重金属含量

Table 2. Heavy metals in water and sediment samples from Lake Caohai

样地 Site	水样 Water/(μg·L^-1)					底泥 Sediment/(mg·kg^-1)
样地 Site	铜 Cu	镉 Cd	铅 Pb	锌 Zn	汞 Hg	铜 Cu	镉 Cd	铅 Pb	锌 Zn	汞 Hg
江家湾 Jiangjiawan	6.90±0.18	0.05±0.00	3.80±0.11	5.50±0.27	0.04±0.00	16.95±0.23	1.32±0.24	39.75±0.33	127.60±0.31	0.07±0.01
西海码头 Xihaimatou	0.10±0.04	0.05±0.00	11.20±0.15	5.60±0.42	0.04±0.00	21.60±0.26	2.35±0.43	48.56±0.22	123.60±0.41	0.22±0.09
刘家巷 Liujiaxiang	0.80±0.13	0.05±0.00	8.10±0.25	8.00±0	0.04±0.00	17.13±0.25	0.99±0.25	12.62±0.35	135.40±0.27	0.02±0.01
喽啰山 Louluoshan	1.10±0.32	0.05±0.00	16.10±0.43	5.60±0.33	0.04±0.00	3.00±0.42	1.88±0.38	13.70±0.26	135.80±0.31	0.02±0.00
胡叶林 Huyelin	0.90±0.30	0.05±0.00	5.10±0.18	2.30±0.08	0.04±0.00	19.42±0.42	3.03±0.43	15.53±0.27	173.70±0.33	0.02±0.00
万下 Wanxia	0.80±0.36	0.05±0.00	5.20±0.41	2.10±0.17	0.04±0.00	16.82±0.31	4.34±0.38	13.05±0.21	148.70±0.37	0.01±0.00
阳关山 Yangguanshan	0.70±0.00	0.05±0.00	3.30±0.34	8.80±0.16	0.04±0.00	19.01±0.18	1.10±0.45	21.25±0.26	117.10±0.35	0.07±0.01
吴家岩头 Wujianyantou	0.70±0.40	0.05±0.00	4.40±0.16	5.70±0.33	0.04±0.00	18.24±0.42	2.84±0.15	11.68±0.35	136.40±0.41	0.09±0.03
平均 Average	1.50±0.22	0.05±0.00	7.20±0.04	5.50±0.36	0.04±0.00	16.52±0.27	2.23±0.28	22.02±0.42	137.29±0.36	0.07±0.02

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表 3 小龙虾样品重金属含量与水样、底泥的Pearson相关分析

Table 3. Pearson correlation analysis between heavy metal contents of crayfish and water and sediment samples from Lake Caohai

		底泥 Sediment					水样 Water
		铜 Cu	镉 Cd	铅 Pb	锌 Zn	汞 Hg	铜 Cu	镉 Cd	铅 Pb	锌 Zn	汞 Hg
虾样 Crayfish	Cu	0.752	0.766	0.304	-0.362	0.877	-	-0.725	0.056	0.657	-
	Cd	0.951^*	0.840^*	-0.122	0.093	0.456	-	-0.398	-0.555	0.798	-
	Pb	-0.077	-0.148	0.973^*	-0.986^*	0.857	-	0.079	-0.062	-0.304	-
	Zn	0.246	0.375	-0.988^*	0.978^*	-0.684	-	-0.401	0.278	0.517	-
	Hg	-0.433	-0.589	-0.161	0.226	-0.651	-	0.883	-0.619	-0.517	-
注：表示在0.05级别(双尾)，相关性显著。 Note： means the correlation is significant at 0.05 level (double tail).

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表 4 小龙虾对不同质量浓度重金属的富集情况

Table 4. Heavy metal contents in crayfish as related to heavy metal concentrations in cultivation water in laboratory

重金属种类 Heavy metal	体积比 Volume ratio	部位 Part	富集天数Accumulation days
重金属种类 Heavy metal	体积比 Volume ratio	部位 Part	0 d	4 d	8 d	12 d	16 d	20 d
铜 Cu	对照(CK)	虾壳 Shrimp shell	22.14±0.23	24.05±0.18	20.76±0.43	9.23±0.33	9.09±0.21	13.95±0.08
		虾肉 Shrimp meat	7.86±0.25	9.94±0.38	6.13±0.24	8.39±0.17	7.64±0.16	7.92±0.32
		内脏 Viscera	51.26±0.11	52.34±0.19	52.16±0.12	51.95±0.29	55.34±0.34	57.14±0.27
		螯肢 Shrimp claw	11.06±0.18	12.67±0.41	12.99±0.35	8.97±0.27	11.15±0.14	11.32±0.26
	0.5 mL·L^-1	虾壳 Shrimp shell	17.27±0.33	20.69±0.25	22.07±0.17	22.63±0.35	24.39±0.23	28.95±0.30
		虾肉 Shrimp meat	7.06±0.30	8.02±0.21	8.55±0.09	9.28±0.27	13.79±0.19	16.77±0.34
		内脏 Viscera	55.97±0.25	53.71±0.18	60.55±0.20	62.56±0.47	68.03±0.36	141.1±0.33
		螯肢 Shrimp claw	8.91±0.22	9.21±0.46	9.00±0.34	15.28±0.17	12.32±0.25	15.62±0.11
	1.0 mL·L^-1	虾壳 Shrimp shell	21.48±0.43	20.18±0.26	23.62±0.19	24.43±0.41	25.91±0.35	26.05±0.21
		虾肉 Shrimp meat	8.86±0.21	6.50±0.19	11.86±0.36	13.80±0.22	14.61±0.20	18.25±0.38
		内脏 Viscera	54.76±0.40	70.29±0.21	79.8±0.06	94.91±0.37	105.4±0.32	115.10±0.19
		螯肢 Shrimp claw	9.12±0.24	9.81±0.31	13.48±0.36	12.38±0.12	12.38±0.20	26.81±0.24
镉 Cd	对照(CK)	虾壳 Shrimp shell	0.06±0.01	0.09±0.00	0.03±0.01	0.10±0.02	0.04±0.02	0.05±0.00
		虾肉 Shrimp meat	0.02±0.00	0.04±0.01	0.03±0.01	0.05±0.00	0.02±0.00	0.03±0.00
		内脏 Viscera	1.69±0.25	1.55±0.36	1.63±0.26	1.60±0.47	1.25±0.30	1.48±0.26
		螯肢 Shrimp claw	0.07±0.02	0.06±0.02	0.07±0.00	0.12±0.05	0.02±0.00	0.03±0.00
	0.05 mL·L^-1	虾壳 Shrimp shell	0.02±0.01	0.02±0.01	0.06±0.01	0.07±0.00	0.11±0.06	0.18±0.03
		虾肉 Shrimp meat	0.08±0.01	0.09±0.03	0.10±0.01	0.12±0.04	0.14±0.02	0.17±0.03
		内脏 Viscera	1.56±0.29	2.02±0.49	2.00±0.37	4.23±0.46	6.01±0.30	7.52±0.16
		螯肢 Shrimp claw	0.02±0.00	0.06±0.01	0.07±0.01	0.08±0.02	0.09±0.00	0.17±0.02
	0.1 mL·L^-1	虾壳 Shrimp shell	0.03±0.01	0.04±0.01	0.04±0.01	0.09±0.01	0.16±0.02	0.21±0.08
		虾肉 Shrimp meat	0.08±0.00	0.08±0.02	0.09±0.02	0.14±0.00	0.16±0.03	0.25±0.07
		内脏 Viscera	1.60±0.49	1.80±0.41	4.77±0.16	8.15±0.35	9.47±0.26	10.99±0.11
		螯肢 Shrimp claw	0.03±0.01	0.04±0.01	0.08±0.01	0.15±0.04	0.19±0.00	0.23±0.06

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