不同生长环境对红萍生长和生态化学计量特征的影响

余涛; 郑向丽; 徐国忠; 王俊宏; 黄毅斌

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.02.016

不同生长环境对红萍生长和生态化学计量特征的影响

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.02.016

余涛¹,
郑向丽³,
徐国忠³,
王俊宏³,
黄毅斌^{1, 2, 3, ,}

1.
福建农林大学资源与环境学院, 福建福州 350002
2.
福建省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所, 福建福州 350013
3.
福建省农业科学院农业生态研究所, 福建福州 350013

基金项目:

国家现代农业产业技术体系建设项目 CARS-22

福建省科技计划项目——省属公益类科研院所基本科研专项 2016R1016-1

福建省财政专项——福建省农业科学院科技创新团队项目 STIT2017-1-9

详细信息

作者简介:
余涛(1994-), 男, 硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为植物营养与肥料

通讯作者:
黄毅斌(1964-), 男, 博士, 研究员, 研究方向为农业生态学(E-mail:ecohyb@163.com)

中图分类号: S555+.1
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2018-10-31
- 修回日期: 2018-12-23
- 刊出日期: 2019-02-28

Environmental Effects on Growth and Ecological Stoichiometry of Azolla

1.
College of Resource and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350003, China
2.
Agricultural Ecology Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350013, China
3.
Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350013, China

摘要

摘要: 目的研究不同生长环境对红萍生长和生态化学计量特征的影响，可为水生生态系统的生态化学计量学研究提供科学依据，并达到更好地保存红萍种质资源的目的。方法设置网室土壤水培养和温室营养液培养2种处理，分析比较两种培养方式条件下，蕨状满江红、墨西哥满江红、卡州满江红、小叶满江红、覆瓦状满江红、羽叶满江红、回交萍、杂交萍等8个红萍品种的生物量，及其C、N、P生态化学计量特征。结果 8个红萍品种的生物量、C含量与N含量网室土壤水培养处理均高于温室营养液培养处理，P含量则是网室土壤水培养处理低于温室营养液培养处理；红萍的C：P值与N：P值网室土壤水培养处理均高于温室营养液培养处理，而C：N值二者差异较小；由于参试红萍品种的N：P均较低（仅为1.78~8.08），说明红萍生长主要受N元素的限制。结论网室土壤水培养比温室营养液培养更加适合红萍的生长，N元素对红萍的生长和培养至关重要，网室土壤水培养的应该增施氮肥，而温室营养液培养的应该保证营养液中N元素充足。
- 生长环境 /
- 红萍 /
- 碳 /
- 氮 /
- 磷 /
- 生态化学计量学
Abstract: Objective To provide the fundamental scientific information on Azolla for preservation and study the effects of environmental conditions on the growth and ecological stoichiometry of the aquatic plants in the ecosystem. Method Using a soil water culture under a net cover (SWN) or a nutrient water culture in a greenhouse (NWG), the biomasses and ecological stoichiometric characteristics on C, N and P of 8 varieties of Azolla, including A. filiculoides lamarck, A. Mexicana Schlecht et cham, A. caroliniana Willd, A. microphylla Kaulf, A. imbricate (Roxb.) Nakais, A. pinnata R. Brown, A. microphylla Kaulf and A. microphylla Minyu No.1, were compared. Result In SWN, the biomasses and contents of C and N of all 8 varieties were higher than those in NWG, but the P contents were lower. The C:P and N:P ratios of the plants in SWN were higher than those in NWG, whereas, the C:N ratios were similar. Since the N:P ratios of all plants grown in either SWN or NMG were below 14, N was presumably the primary factor affecting the plant growth. Conclusion Cultivation in SWN appeared to be more conducive than NWG to the growth of Azolla plants. In addition, N seemed to be a crucial nutrient, more so than C or P, for the growth of Azolla.
- growth environment /
- Azolla /
- C /
- N /
- P /
- ecological stoichiometry

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表 1 试验材料

Table 1. Test Materials

种名 Species	学名 Scientific name	品系 Lines	资源类型 Resource tipe	来源 Source
蕨状满江红	A. filiculoides lamarck	1007	野生资源	国家红萍种质圃(福州)
墨西哥满江红	A. Mexicana Schlecht et cham	2007	野生资源	国家红萍种质圃(福州)
卡州满江红	A. caroliniana Willd	3006	野生资源	国家红萍种质圃(福州)
小叶满江红	A. microphylla Kaulf.	4021	野生资源	国家红萍种质圃(福州)
覆瓦状满江红	A. imbricate(Roxb.) Nakais	542	野生资源	国家红萍种质圃(福州)
羽叶满江红	A. pinnata R.Brown	7016	野生资源	国家红萍种质圃(福州)
回交萍	A. microphylla Kaulf.	MH4	育成品种	国家红萍种质圃(福州)
杂交萍	A. microphylla ‘Minyu No.1’	4087	育成品种	国家红萍种质圃(福州)

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表 2 温室营养液配方

Table 2. Formulas of culture solutions

序号 Serial number	药品 Reagent	浓度 Concentration/(g·L^-1)
1	CaSO₄·2H₂O	0.17
2	MgSO₄·7H₂O	0.41
3	KH₂PO₄	0.04
4	KCl	0.02
5	EDTA-Na₂	0.004
6	FeSO₄·7H₂O	0.003
7	H₃BO₃	0.0015
8	Na₂MoO₄·2H₂O	0.0019
9	NaNO₃	0.06

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表 3 不同生长环境下各品种红萍的生物量

Table 3. Biomass of Azolla varieties under different culture settings

(单位/g)
品种 Species	网室土壤水培养 Net soil water culture	温室营养液培养 Greenhouse nutrient culture
蕨状满江红 A. filiculoides lamarck	369.86±30.08 Aa(Aa)	103.32±4.19 Aa(Bb)
墨西哥满江红 A. Mexicana Schlecht et cham	330.97±37.80 ABab(Aa)	107.66±5.42 Aa(Bb)
卡州满江红 A. caroliniana Willd	345.54±43.09 ABa(Aa)	108.45±2.66 Aa(Ab)
小叶满江红 A. microphylla Kaulf.	264.84±74.53 BCbc(Aa)	88.39±1.40 BCb(Ab)
覆瓦状满江红 A. imbricate(Roxb.) Nakais	339.16±29.03 ABa(Aa)	47.21±4.04 Dc(Bb)
羽叶满江红 A. pinnata R.Brown	207.35±17.46 Cc(Aa)	98.74±8.92 ABa(Bb)
回交萍 A. microphylla Kaulf.	372.55±27.97 Aa(Aa)	87.44±5.98 BCb(Bb)
杂交萍A. microphylla ‘Minyu No.1’	389.35±12.66 Aa(Aa)	80.47±7.63 Cb(Bb)
注：(1)表中数据为1瓷盆(放萍量20 g)的生物量；(2)表中数据均为平均值±标准差，数据后括号外无相同大、小写字母者分别表示同一处理下不同品种间差异达极显著水平(P＜0.01)和显著水平(P＜0.05)；(3)数据后括号内无相同大、小写字母者分别表示同一品种不同处理间差异达极显著水平(P＜0.01)和显著水平(P＜0.05)。表 4、5同。 Note: The data in the table are mean±standard deviation. The upper and lower case letters outside the parenthesis are not the same, indicating that the difference between different varieties under the same treatment is extremely significant (P < 0.01) and significant level (P < 0.05); the upper and lower case letters in the brackets after the data are not the same, indicating that the difference between the different treatments of the same variety is extremely significant (P < 0.01) and significant (P < 0.05).The same as table 4, 5.

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表 4 不同生长环境下红萍的C、N、P含量特征

Table 4. C, N and P contents of Azolla plants under different culture settings

[单位/(mg·g^-1)]
品种 Species	网室土壤水培养 Net soil water culture			温室营养液培养 Greenhouse nutrient culture
品种 Species	C	N	P	C	N	P
蕨状满江红 A. filiculoides lamarck	376.0±4.4 Bb(Aa)	44.1±1.0 Aa(Aa)	6.6±1.5 Aabc(Aa)	330.3±6.0 ABa(Ba)	34.2±0.4 ABab(Bb)	6.5±1.2 Gg(Aa)
墨西哥满江红 A. Mexicana Schlecht et cham	471.0±45.2 Aa(Aa)	38.7±4.7 Aab(Aa)	5.1±0.2 Abc(Bb)	255.7±60.1 Bb(Bb)	33.1±3.8 ABb(Ab)	10.1±1.7 EFef(Aa)
卡州满江红 A. caroliniana Willd	401.0±14.8 Bb(Aa)	40.7±1.9 Aab(Aa)	7.6±2.4 Aab(Bb)	262.7±13.3 ABb(Ab)	35.9±0.2 Aa(Ab)	13.6±0.7 CDd(Aa)
小叶满江红 A. microphylla Kaulf.	410.0±11.3 Bb(Aa)	39.3±6.5 Aab(Aa)	7.4±1.2 Aab(Bb)	286.3±47.6 ABab(Ab)	32.8±1.5 ABb(Ab)	9.0±0.7 FGf(Aa)
覆瓦状满江红 A. imbricate(Roxb.) Nakais	404.7±7.0 Bb(Aa)	39.1±3.4 Aab(Aa)	5.6±0.6 Aabc(Bb)	337.7±22.8 Aa(Bb)	26.0±0.4 Cc(Ab)	14.6±0.3 BCc(Aa)
羽叶满江红 A. pinnata R.Brown	407.7±6.5 Bb(Aa)	36.0±0.5 Ab(Aa)	4.5±0.6 Ac(Bb)	321.7±3.8 ABa(Bb)	33.8±0.2 ABab(Bb)	11.8±0.6 DEe(Aa)
回交萍 A. microphylla Kaulf.	405.0±10.4 Bb(Aa)	40.5±1.2 Aab(Aa)	5.9±1.2 Aabc(Bb)	293.7±9.1 ABab(Bb)	36.1±0.7 Aa(Bb)	19.5±0.7 Aa(Aa)
杂交萍 A. microphylla ‘Minyu No.1’	316.0±8.7 Cc(Aa)	40.0±2.8 Aab(Aa)	7.8±1.2 Aa(Bb)	309.7±7.4 ABab(Aa)	31.7±0.5 ABb(Bb)	16.7±1.4 Bb(Aa)

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表 5 不同生长环境下红萍的生态化学计量特征

Table 5. Ecological stoichiometry of Azolla plants under different culture settings

[单位/(mg·g^-1)]
品种 Species	网室土壤水培养 Net soil water culture			温室营养液培养 Greenhouse nutrient culture
品种 Species	C:N	C:P	N:P	C:N	C:P	N:P
蕨状满江红 A. filiculoides lamarck	8.53±0.08 Bbc(Bb)	59.12±14.41 Bbc(Aa)	6.93±1.64 Aabc(Aa)	9.66±0.17 Bb(Aa)	51.50±8.62 Aa(Aa)	5.33±0.91 Aa(Aa)
墨西哥满江红 A. Mexicana Schlecht et cham	12.38±2.68 Aa(Aa)	91.72±10.52 Aa(Aa)	7.53±0.94 Aab(Aa)	7.90±2.56 Bbc(Aa)	26.29±9.27 BCbc(Bb)	3.36±0.83 Bbc(Bb)
卡州满江红 A. caroliniana Willd	9.87±0.75 ABabc(Aa)	56.43±17.08 Bbc(Aa)	5.65±1.35 Abc(Aa)	7.32±0.41 Bc(Bb)	19.34±1.15 Ccd(Aa)	2.64±0.14 BCcd(Aa)
小叶满江红 A. microphylla Kaulf.	10.67±2.14 ABab(Aa)	56.87±10.90 Bbc(Aa)	5.34±0.16 Abc(Aa)	8.79±1.85 Bbc(Aa)	31.83±2.90 Bb(Ab)	3.68±0.47 Bb(Bb)
覆瓦状满江红 A. imbricate(Roxb.) Nakais	10.41±0.98 ABabc(Ab)	73.34±8.52 ABab(Aa)	7.07±0.89 Aabc(Aa)	13.00±1.02 Aa(Aa)	23.08±1.52 BCbcd(Bb)	1.78±0.03 Cd(Bb)
羽叶满江红 A. pinnata R.Brown	11.32±0.18 ABa(Aa)	91.56±11.97 Aa(Aa)	8.08±0.96 Aa(Aa)	9.52±0.12 Bbc(Bb)	27.22±1.13 BCbc(Ab)	2.86±0.14 BCbc(Bb)
回交萍 A. microphylla Kaulf.	10.00±0.25 ABabc(Aa)	70.49±16.41 ABab(Aa)	7.07±1.77 Aabc(Aa)	8.13±0.11 Bbc(Bb)	15.08±1.01 Cd(Ab)	1.86±0.10 Cd(Ab)
杂交萍 A. microphylla ‘Minyu No.1’	7.93±0.64 Bc(Ab)	41.05±6.21 Bc(Aa)	5.16±0.46 Ac(Aa)	9.76±0.87 Bb(Aa)	18.61±1.21 Ccd(Bb)	1.91±0.14 Cd(Bb)

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