松褐天牛在松材线虫病病死树上的垂直分布规律

卢桦; 陈元生; 罗致迪; 于海萍

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.02.014

松褐天牛在松材线虫病病死树上的垂直分布规律

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.02.014

1.
安徽农业大学林学与园林学院, 安徽合肥 230061
2.
江西环境工程职业学院, 江西赣州 341000

基金项目:

江西省科技计划项目 20151BBF60069

江西省教育厅科学技术研究项目 GJJ161373

江西省林业科技创新项目 201817

详细信息

作者简介:
卢桦(1996-), 男, 硕士研究生, 主要从事林业与园林技术研究(E-mail:602044761@qq.com)

通讯作者:
陈元生(1967-), 男, 教授, 博士, 主要从事昆虫生物学和森林病虫害防治研究(E-mail:cys0061@163.com)

中图分类号: S763
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2018-11-05
- 修回日期: 2019-02-04
- 刊出日期: 2019-02-28

Vertical Distribution of Monochamus monochamus in Infected Bursaphelenchus xylophilus Tree Trunks

1.
College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agriculture University, Hefei, Anhui 230061, China
2.
Jiangxi Environmental Engineering Vocational College, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China

摘要

摘要: 目的松褐天牛是典型的钻蛀性害虫，林间天牛种群密度调查及其防治极为困难。了解松褐天牛在松材线虫病枯死树上的垂直分布情况，旨在为松褐天牛的林间虫情调查和危害程度估计提供一种方便快捷的简易方法。方法采用随机抽取、逐株逐段调查统计法，于2015-2017年在江西省赣州市峰山国家森林公园系统调查了松褐天牛在松材线虫病死树上的产卵刻槽、侵入孔和羽化孔的垂直分布并分析了它们间的数量关系情况。结果松褐天牛产卵刻槽，在株高 < 8 m时，主要分布在树干中段，占全株的46.07%，而株高≥8 m时，主要分布在树干下段，占53.687%；幼虫侵入孔和成虫羽化孔在病树上的数量分布：树干中段>下段>上段，中段均占50%左右；产卵刻槽、侵入孔和羽化孔的数量与树干高度呈正相关关系。伐桩上没有发现产卵刻槽，且侵入孔、羽化孔数量也极少，分别占总株侵入孔数、羽化孔数的0.54%、0.29%。树干下段虫孔数量（即下段产卵刻槽、侵入孔和羽化孔数量）与整株羽化孔数量均呈极显著相关关系，但根据下段侵入孔数量来推算整株羽化孔的数量更为准确、可靠。结论根据下段侵入孔数量来推算整株羽化孔的数量，是松褐天牛林间虫情调查的一种方便快捷方法。
- 疫木 /
- 伐桩 /
- 松褐天牛 /
- 松材线虫病 /
- 产卵刻槽 /
- 侵入孔 /
- 羽化孔
Abstract: Objective Population density of the typical borer pest, Monochamus alternatus, in the Bursaphelenchus xylophilus forest was investigated to seek effective means for detecting and controlling the difficult-to-manage infestation. Method The vertical distributions of oviposition grooves, invasion (entry) and eclosion (exit) holes of M. alternatus inside the infected tree trunks were obtained by systematic random sampling and tree-by-tree, section-by-section close observation on evidence of infestation on trees at Fengshan National Forest Park in Ganzhou, Jiangxi from 2015 to 2017.The data were analyzed for correlations among them. Result The oviposition tracks left on the trunks by M. monochamus constituted 46.07% of the total in the section half way above ground level on a tree less than 8 m high. For the trees equal or taller than 8 m, 53.687% of the marks were found in the lower part of a trunk. The quantitative distribution of larval invasion and adult eclosion holes on the diseased trees ranked in the order of middle section > lower section > upper section. Of which, approximately 50% were in the middle section of a tree trunk. The total number of oviposition grooves and invasion and eclosion holes correlated with tree height. No oviposition groove was observed on dead tree stumps, and few invasion and eclosion holes were found which amounted to merely 0.54% and 0.29%, respectively, of the total. The number of boreholes (i.e., the combined total of oviposition grooves and invasion and eclosion holes) in the lower part of the trunk significantly correlated with the number of eclosion holes in the entire tree. However, it was more accurate and reliable to estimate the total number of eclosion holes on a tree by using the count of invasion holes in the lower section. Conclusion Using the invasion hole count in lower trunk section to estimate the total number of eclosion holes on a infested tree was considered a convenient, quick and reliable way for studying the M. monochamus infestation in a B. xylophilus forest.
- diseased tree /
- dead tree stumps /
- Monochamus alternatus /
- Bursaphelenchus xylophilus /
- oviposition groove /
- invasion hole /
- eclosion hole

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表 1 松褐天牛虫孔在松材线虫病疫木上的分布

Table 1. Distribution of M. alternatus boreholes on infected pine trees

项目 Item	株高 Height/m	伐桩 Stumps(5 cm)	下段 Lower segment	中段 Middle segment	上段 Upper segment	合计 Total
产卵槽数/个 Number of oviposition slots	< 8	0	20.55±16.18Bb	34.97±36.51 A b	20.39±11.73B a	75.90±62.41 b
	≥ 8	0	81.38±47.97Aa	50.47±22.93ABa	19.75±9.72 B a	151.59±56.24a
侵入孔数/个 Number of intrusive holes	< 8	0.66±0.83 a	9.29±6.91 C b	15.84±10.35 A b	11.52±4.10 B a	36.65±19.69 b
	≥ 8	0.19±0.40 b	35.03±19.77Ba	49.88±34.27 A a	18.88±13.86C a	103.81±58.62a
羽化孔数/个 Number of eclosion holes	< 8	0.29±0.46 a	5.45±3.71 Cb	9.39±4.96 A b	7.25±3.03 B b	22.10±10.27 b
	≥ 8	0.10±0.30 b	18.00±9.75 Ba	26.31±16.85 A a	11.03±7.57 BCa	55.34±28.02 a
注:表中同一行不同大写字母表示差异显著(P < 0.05)，相同项目下的每一列不同小写字母表示差异显著(P < 0.05)；表中数字为“平均值±标准差”。 Note:Different capital letters on a same row indicate significant differences (P < 0.05). Different lowercase letters on a same column indicate significant differences (P < 0.05). Datas are mean±SD.

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表 2 产卵刻槽、侵入孔和羽化孔数量间的关系分析

Table 2. Correlations among numbers of oviposition grooves, invasion and eclosion holes on diseased tree trunks

株高 Height/m	项目 Item	比例 Proportion	相关系数 R	P值 Sig.	回归方程 Regression equation
< 8	产卵刻槽数x₁与侵入孔数x₂ No of oviposition scars (x₁) and No of entrance holes (x₂)	1:0.483	0.918	0.000	x₂=0.290x₁ + 14.665
	产卵刻槽数x₁与羽化孔数x₃ No of oviposition scars (x₁) and No of exit holes (x₃)	1:0.291	0.720	0.000	x₃=0.119x₁ + 13.100
	侵入孔数x₂与羽化孔数x₃ No of entrance holes (x₂) and No of exit holes (x₃)	1:0.603	0.911	0.000	x₃=0.475x₂ + 4.677
≥ 8	产卵刻槽数x₄与侵入孔数x₅ No of oviposition scars (x₄) and No of entrance holes (x₅)	1:0.685	0.848	0.000	x₅=0.884x₄-30.263
	产卵刻槽数x₄与羽化孔数x₆ No of oviposition scars (x₄) and No of exit holes (x₆)	1:0.365	0.721	0.000	x₆=0.359x₄ + 0.863
	侵入孔数x₅与羽化孔数x₆ No of entrance holes (x₅) and No of exit holes (x₆)	1:0.533	0.950	0.000	x₆=0.454x₅ + 8.207

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表 3 下段虫孔数量与整株羽化孔数量相关性的回归分析

Table 3. Regression analysis for correlation between numbers of boreholes on lower section and total eclosion holes on a diseased-tree trunk

项目 Item	相关系数 R	决定系数 R²	F值 F	t值 t	P值 Sig.	回归方程 Regression equation
整株羽化孔数y No of emergent holes in the whole plant
下段刻槽数x₁ No of grooves in lower section (x₁)	0.834	0.695	139.118	11.795	0.000	y=0.477x₁+14.4675
下段侵入孔数x₂ No of entrance holes in lower section (x₂)	0.928	0.861	377.493	19.429	0.000	y=1.270x₂+10.588
下段羽化孔数x₃ No of exit holes in lower section (x₃)	0.941	0.886	473.915	21.770	0.000	y=2.610x₃+8.116

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