罗汉果组培苗高产栽培技术研究

秦洪波; 王新桂; 郭伦发; 江新能; 韦婉羚; 伍玲琼; 陶兴来

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.02.009

罗汉果组培苗高产栽培技术研究

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.02.009

1.
广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所, 广西桂林 541006
2.
平乐县广运林场, 广西平乐 542400

基金项目:

广西科技重大专项桂科AA17202037-8

详细信息

作者简介:
秦洪波(1985-), 男, 硕士, 助理研究员, 研究方向:果树栽培与推广(E-mail:48326596@qq.com)

通讯作者:
郭伦发(1973-), 男, 硕士, 副研究员, 研究方向:果树栽培与推广(E-mail:37623630@qq.com)

中图分类号: S665.9
计量
- 文章访问数: 1317
- HTML全文浏览量: 252
- PDF下载量: 21
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2018-11-12
- 修回日期: 2019-01-24
- 刊出日期: 2019-02-28

High-yield Cultivation of Momordica grosvenorii from Plantlets

1.
Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuangzu Autonomous Region and Academia Sinica, Guilin, Guangxi 541006, China
2.
Pingle county Guangyun forest farm, Pingle, Guangxi 542400, China

摘要

摘要: 目的通过研究不同种植时间、不同移栽方式以及不同授粉时间等对罗汉果组培苗生长的影响，探明罗汉果组培苗高产栽培关键技术，为罗汉果组培苗推广发展提供参考和理论依据。方法设置5个不同的种植时间、4种不同的移栽方式、两种天气情况下6个不同的授粉时间以及3种不同的花粉贮存方式，研究罗汉果组培苗生长。结果随着种植时间的推移，罗汉果的裂果率逐渐增加，6月上旬尤为严重，综合考虑4月下旬种植最为理想；在4种不同移栽方式中，将小苗由小营养钵转到大钵继续在温室大棚中培育至4月中旬气温相对较高时再移栽大田定植产量最高且果径最大；在对罗汉果进行授粉时以阴凉天气下10:00效果最佳，并且将罗汉果花粉保存在5~8℃冰箱之中可以延长花粉的活性至3 d。结论在桂北地区发展种植罗汉果组培苗，首先组培小苗需要转大钵在温棚培育，并在4月上旬至5月中旬种植，由此可以提早上棚、显蕾、开花结果；采集的花粉应当保存在5~8℃冰箱，并在阴凉天气8:00~10:00完成授粉。
- 罗汉果 /
- 组培苗 /
- 栽培技术
Abstract: Objective The planting period, transplanting method and pollination time on the seedling growth of Siraitia grosvenorii plantlets were varied to investigate conditions for a high-yield cultivation practice. Method Five variations on planting periods, 4 on transplanting methods and 6 on pollination times were applied under 2 different weather conditions and 3 pollen storage methods for the experiment to determine the optimal conditions for the plantlet growth and development. Result Cracking of harvested S. grosvenorii nuts increased when planting was postponed in the season, especially if the planting was held in as late as early-June. A late-April planting was determined to be most desirable. The optimal seedling transplantation was conducted by transferring the seedlings from small nutrient pots to a large ones for greenhouse cultivation until mid-April when the weather became warmer. The plantlets were then transplanted to the field for latter stages of plant growth and fruiting. Pollination was best performed at 10 a.m. on a cool day. By storing in a 5-8℃ refrigerator the pollen vitality could be extended to 3 days. Conclusion Planting S. grosvenorii seedlings in northern Guangxi required an initial training stage to allow the plantlets grow in a greenhouse prior to field cultivation in between early-April and mid-May. That would better the climbing ability, budding, blossoming and yielding fruit early of the plants. The collected pollens should be stored at 5-8℃, and pollination be completed between 8 and 10 a.m. under cool weather.
- Siraitia grosvenorii /
- plantlets /
- cultivation technology

HTML全文

表 1 不同种植时间对植株生长和产量的影响

Table 1. Effect of planting period on plant growth and yield

种植时间 Planting time	上棚时间 Sheding time /(mm-dd)	开花时间 Flowering time /(mm-dd)	果实成熟时间 Fruit ripening time	平均株产个数 Average number of plants	幼苗死苗率 Seedling mortality /%	裂果率 Dehiscent rate /%
3月中旬 In the middle of march	06-13	07-16	10月上旬	59±9.42b	11.63±2.27a	1.87±0.31b
4月上旬Early april	06-22	08-03	10月中旬	68±4.32ab	5.32±0.47b	2.02±0.15b
4月下旬In late april	06-28	08-10	10月下旬	73±5.89a	4.65±0.36bc	2.61±0.06b
5月中旬In middle may	07-14	08-15	10月下旬	66±8.64ab	2.12±0.23d	5.47±0.42b
6月上旬 In early june	07-23	08-21	11月下旬	57±4.97b	2.84±0.24cd	26.36±4.09a
注：同列数据后不同小写字母表示在0.05水平下差异显著。表 2~4同。 Note：Different lowercase letters in a same column represent significant difference at 5% level. The same as table 2-4.

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 不同移栽方式方式对植株生长和产量的影响

Table 2. Effects of cultivation practice on plant growth and yield

移栽方式 Management style	上棚前日均生长量 Average daily growth before shed/cm	上棚时间 Sheding time	显蕾时间 Flower buds time	初花时间 First flowering time	盛花期 Flowering time	平均株产个数 Average number of plants	果径 Fruit diameter /cm
T1	4.06±0.59a	5月上旬 Early May	5月中下旬 Mid-to-tate May	6月中旬 Mid-June	6月下旬 Late June	73±7.26a	5.47±0.50a
T2	3.13±0.61b	6月上旬 Early June	6月下旬 Late June	7月中旬 Mid-July	7月下旬 Late July	68±6.48a	5.14±0.11ab
T3	3.00±0.28b	6月上旬 Early June	6月下旬 Late June	7月中旬 Mid-July	7月下旬 Late July	66±2.16a	5.30±0.19a
T4	1.89±0.25c	6月下旬 Late June	7月下旬 Late July	8月中旬 Mid-August	8月下旬 Late August	57±3.56b	4.79±0.11b

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 不同时间授粉对坐果、成果和果径的影响

Table 3. Effects of pollinating time on fruit setting, fruiting and size

不同授粉时间 Different pollination time	坐果率 Fruit-set rate/%	成果率 Fruit-result rate/%	果径 Fruit diameter /cm
阴凉天气 Cool weather
8:00	80.3±1.69a	74.1±1.35ab	5.43±0.18abc
10:00	82.0±2.16a	79.2±7.59a	5.71±0.11a
12:00	81.1±2.28a	76.3±4.46ab	5.53±0.21ab
14:00	80.5±1.95a	71.0±4.32bc	5.15±0.20cde
16:00	65.3±5.12c	66.3±4.61cd	4.86±0.10efg
18:00	58.2±6.09d	60.6±2.41de	5.07±0.13def
高温干燥天气 Hot dry weather
8:00	80.0±1.59a	70.3±1.43bc	5.29±0.23bcd
10:00	79.1±1.28a	71.2±1.30bc	4.96±0.21ef
12:00	72.1±4.41b	69.1±0.83bc	4.88±0.08efg
14:00	60.2±5.37cd	58.6±4.52e	4.77±0.15fgh
16:00	52.3±6.45e	50.4±3.15f	4.52±0.33h
18:00	48.7±3.51e	50.3±5.75f	4.61±0.07gh

下载: 导出CSV

表 4 雄花不同贮存方式及不同贮存时间授粉对坐果率、成果率和果径的影响

Table 4. Effects of male flower storage and duration on pollination, fruit setting, fruiting and size

不同存贮方式 Different storage methods	存贮天数 Storage days/d	坐果率 Fruit-set rate/%	成果率 Fruit-result rate/%	果径 Fruit diameter /cm
5~8℃冰箱 5~8℃ refrigerator	1	82.6±1.84a	75.1±4.61a	5.47±0.13ab
	2	78.5±1.06b	73.4±1.87a	5.01±0.14c
	3	69.3±2.62c	62.1±2.12b	5.31±0.24b
	4	27.4±2.05e	23.6±3.18d	4.66±0.28d
阴凉天气室内 Cool weather indoor	1	81.8±0.85a	78.3±1.63a	5.63±0.09a
	2	33.6±2.19d	28.7±3.32c	5.28±0.11b
	3	0.0±0.00g	-	-
高温干燥天气室内 Hot dry weather indoor	1	80.6±1.36ab	77.5±4.86a	5.30±0.16b
	2	4.6±1.64f	4.6±1.22e	4.87±0.16cd

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(20)

[1]	刘金磊, 李典鹏, 黄永林, 等.HPLC法测定不同生长期罗汉果甙ⅡE, Ⅲ, Ⅴ的含量[J].广西植物, 2007, 27(4):665-668. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-3142.2007.04.026 LIU J L, LI D P, HUANG Y L, et al. Determination of mogrol glycosides from fruits of Siraitia grosvenorii in different growing ages by HPLC[J]. Guihaia, 2007, 27(4):665-668.(in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-3142.2007.04.026
[2]	陈全斌, 义祥辉, 余丽娟, 等.不同生长周期的罗汉果鲜果中甜甙Ⅴ和总黄酮含量变化规律研究[J].广西植物, 2005, 25(3):274-277. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-3142.2005.03.018 CHEN Q B, YI X H, YU L J, et al. Study on the variation of mogroside Ⅴ and flavone glycoside in Siraitia grosvenorii fresh-fruits in different growth periods[J]. Guihaia, 2005, 25(3):274-277.(in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-3142.2005.03.018
[3]	李典鹏, 黄永林, 刘金磊, 等.HPLC法测定罗汉果中罗汉果苷ⅡE、苷Ⅲ的含量[J].天然产物研究与开发, 2006, 18:850-853. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-6880.2006.05.036 LI D P, HUANG Y L, LIU J L, et al. Quantitative Determination of MogrosidesⅡ E and Ⅲ in the Fruit of Siraitia grosvenorii by HPLC[J]. Nat Prod Res Dev, 2006, 18:850-853.(in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-6880.2006.05.036
[4]	秦碧霞, 蔡健和, 刘志明, 等.罗汉果花叶病毒(WMV-2-Luo)抗血清制备及ELISA检测技术研究[J].西南农业学报, 2001, 14(4):14-16. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-4829.2001.04.004 QIN B X, CAI J H, LIU Z M, et al. Polyclonal antiserum preparation and ELISA detection of Luohanguo mosaic virus(WMV-2-Luo)[J]. Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2001, 14(4):14-16.(in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-4829.2001.04.004
[5]	刘耕源, 蒋道俊.罗汉果组培苗下山栽培的几个关键技术[J].南方园艺, 2009, 20(5):22-23. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5868.2009.05.010 LIU G Y, JIANG D J. Several key techniques of tissue culture seedlings from Siraitia grosvenorii mountain[J]. Southern Horticulture, 2009, 20(05):22-23.(in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5868.2009.05.010
[6]	张雅昕, 白先达, 邹玲, 等.罗汉果生长气象条件分析[J].广西气象, 2004(3):25-27. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8411.2004.03.009 ZHANG Y X, BAI X D, ZOU L, et al. Analysis on Meteorological Condition for Fructus Momordicae Growth[J].Jouturnal of Guangxi Meteorology, 2004(3):25-27.(in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8411.2004.03.009
[7]	白先达, 赵洪, 唐更生, 等.气象条件对罗汉果生长影响的分析[J].江西农业学报, 2009, 21(7):113-116. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-8581.2009.07.037 BAI X D, ZHAO H, TANG G S, et al. Analysis of Meteorological Condition Influence on Growth of Siraitia grosvenori[J].Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi, 2009, 21(7):113-116.(in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-8581.2009.07.037
[8]	蒋水元, 邓业成, 李锋, 等.罗汉果组培苗营养动态与施肥技术研究[J].广西科学, 2010, 17(4):382-386. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-9164.2010.04.028 JIANG S Y, DENG Y C, LI F, et al.Reseach on Nutrient Dynamic and Fertilization Technology of Tissue Cultured Plantlets of Siraitia grosvenorii(Swingle)C. Jeffrey[J].Guangxi Sciences, 2010, 17(4):382- 386. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-9164.2010.04.028
[9]	潘丽梅, 马小军, 莫长明, 等.罗汉果组培苗移栽条件优化及施肥试验[J].广东农业科学, 2014, 41(11):29-32. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-874X.2014.11.007 PAN L M, MA X J, MO C M, et al.Transplanting condition optimization and fertilizingtest on in vitro plantlets of Siraitia grosvenorii[J].Guangdong Agricultural Sciences, 2014, 41(11):29-32. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-874X.2014.11.007
[10]	冯世鑫, 莫长明, 唐其, 等.枯草芽孢杆菌肥在罗汉果上应用的效应分析[J].广西植物, 2015, 35(6):807-811. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/gxzw201506007 FENG S X, MO C M, TANG Q, et al.Effects of the bio-fertilizer of Bacillus subtilis on the application of Siraitia grosvenorii[J]. Guihaia, 2015, 35(6):807-811.(in Chinese) http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/gxzw201506007
[11]	康公平, 李建新, 高健强, 等.罗汉果种质资源创新研究进展[J].安徽农学通报, 2017, 23(14):127-128. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7731.2017.14.051 KANG G P, LI J X, GAO J Q, et al. Advance in the Germplasm Resources Creation of Siraitia grosvenorii[J].Anhui Agri Sci Bull, 2017, 23(14):127-128.(in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7731.2017.14.051
[12]	马静, 杨晓红, 马小军, 等.罗汉果微量元素的花粉直感效应研究[J].广西植物, 2009, 29(6):905-908. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-3142.2009.06.043 MA J, YANG X H, MA X J, et al. Study on xenia effect on trace elements of Siraitia grosvenorii[J]. Guihaia, 2009, 29(6):905-908.(in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-3142.2009.06.043
[13]	陈继富, 田启建, 刘世彪.不同栽培方式对罗汉果生长、结果及品质的影响[J].热带作物学报, 2012, 33(12):2185-2189. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2012.12.013 CHEN J F, TIAN Q J, LIU S B. Effects of Different Cultivation Modes on Growth, Fructification and Fruit Quality of Siraitia grosvenorii[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2012, 33(12):2185-2189.(in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2012.12.013
[14]	林贵美, 吴代东, 李朝生, 等.桂南地区罗汉果的引种栽培与品质分析[J].中国农业科技导报, 2007, 9(5):115-119. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-0864.2007.05.020 LIN G M, WU D D, LI C S, et al. Introduction Cultivation and Quality Analysis of Siraitia grosvenorii in South Guangxi Region[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2007, 9(5):115-119.(in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-0864.2007.05.020
[15]	蒋水元, 李锋, 李虹, 等.罗汉果组培苗生物学特性研究[J].广西植物, 2008, 28(5):640-644. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-3142.2008.05.018 JIANG S Y, LI F, LI H, et al. Biological characteristics of tissue cultured plantlets of Siraitia grosvenorii[J]. Guihaia, 2008, 28(5):640-644.(in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-3142.2008.05.018
[16]	陈继富, 田启建.罗汉果组培苗在湖南湘西地区的引种研究[J].北方园艺, 2010(21):206-209. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/bfyany201021072 CHEN J F, TIAN Q J. Study on the introduction of tissue culture seedlings of Siraitia grosvenorii in western Hunan[J].Northern Horticulture, 2010(21):206-209.(in Chinese) http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/bfyany201021072
[17]	何金旺.高寒山区罗汉果组培苗品比试验初报[J].广西农学报, 2007, 22(S1):87-89. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/gxnxb2007z1028 HE J W. A preliminary report on the comparison of tissue culture of seedlings Siraitia grosvenorii in alpine region[J]. Journal of Guangxi Agriculture, 2007, 22(S1):87-89.(in Chinese) http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/gxnxb2007z1028
[18]	秦芳, 薛进军.不同罗汉果苗生长及结果特性初探[J].广西农业科学, 2008, 39(1):78-79. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2008.01.020 QIN F, XUE J J. Bearing characteristics and grafted seedling growth of Siraitia grosvenorii[J]. Guangxi Agricultural Sciences, 2008, 39(1):78-79.(in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2008.01.020
[19]	李锋, 蒋汉明, 江新能, 等.罗汉果组培苗的栽培研究[J].广西植物, 1990, 10(4):359-363. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/gxnykx200306032 LI F, JIANG H M, JIANG X N, et al. Study on the cultivation of tissue culture seedlings of Siraitia grosvenorii[J]. Guihaia, 1990, 10(4):359-363.(in Chinese) http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/gxnykx200306032
[20]	何金旺.培育罗汉果优质大果的关键措施[J].广西农学报, 2006, 23(3):44-45. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-4374.2006.03.016 HE J W. Key measures to cultivate high quality fruit of Siraitia grosvenorii[J]. Journal of Guangxi Agriculture, 2006, 23(3):44-45. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-4374.2006.03.016