托鲁巴姆嫁接对番茄生长、产量和品质的影响

吴绍军; 孟佳丽; 王夏雯; 姜若勇; 余翔

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.02.008

托鲁巴姆嫁接对番茄生长、产量和品质的影响

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.02.008

江苏省农业科学院宿迁农科所, 江苏宿迁 223800

基金项目:

江苏省农业三新工程项目 SXGC[2016]265

江苏省创新能力建设专项资金：科技服务骨干机构能力提升项目 2017

详细信息

作者简介:
吴绍军(1982-), 男, 硕士, 助理研究员, 研究方向:设施西甜瓜等栽培和育种(E-mail:297321312@qq.com)

通讯作者:
余翔(1983-), 男, 硕士, 副研究员, 研究方向:西甜瓜栽培和育种(E-mail:125485676@qq.com)

中图分类号: S641.204.3
计量
- 文章访问数: 2919
- HTML全文浏览量: 459
- PDF下载量: 56
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2018-12-27
- 修回日期: 2019-02-28
- 刊出日期: 2019-02-28

Effects of Solanum torvum Rootstock Grafting on Growth, Yield and Fruit Quality of Tomato Plants

Agricultural Sciences Institute of Suqian, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Suqian, Jiangsu 223800, China

摘要

摘要: 目的以茄子为砧木嫁接番茄，综合评价茄砧嫁接对番茄生长、产量及品质的影响，进一步明确茄砧嫁接栽培的生物学效应，为该技术的应用提供理论依据。方法以托鲁巴姆为砧木，金棚9号为接穗，自根苗为对照，通过蛭石栽培方式，研究茄砧嫁接对番茄生长、产量、肥水利用率和品质的影响。结果嫁接后番茄植株的株高降低，叶片数减少，植株根、茎干鲜重降低，根冠比增加，植株光合色素含量增加，根系活力增强，单果重、单株结果数、单株产量降低；嫁接后增加了果实中Vc、可溶性糖含量，降低了可滴定酸，提高了糖酸比；可溶性固形物、番茄红素含量自根苗和嫁接苗无显著差异；嫁接后，降低了植株耗水量和矿质元素的吸收量，提高了水分和矿质元素的利用率。结论综合生长、产量、品质等指标，托鲁巴姆嫁接有助于番茄果实品质的提高，在嫁接栽培方面有一定利用价值。
- 番茄 /
- 托鲁巴姆 /
- 嫁接 /
- 生长 /
- 产量 /
- 营养品质
Abstract: Objective Grafting tomato scions on rootstocks of eggplant (Solanum torvum) was evaluated for its applicability. Method Plant growth, tomato yield and quality as well as fertilizer and water utilization of the seedlings grown on meteorite in a greenhouse from the Jinpeng No. 9 scions grafted on eggplant rootstocks were compared with those from the scions grafted on rootstocks of same variety (control). Result The S. torvum rootstock grafting retarded the plant height, leaf generation and weight gains on roots and stems of the grafted tomato seedlings but increased the root to shoot ratio, chlorophyll content and root activity. The individual weight, number per plant and yield per plant of the tomatoes decreased. The contents of Vc, soluble sugars and sugar/acid ratio of the fruits increased, while titratable acid decreased. No significant difference on the soluble solids and lycopene contents were observed between the seedlings grafted on S. torvum rootstocks and control. The water consumption and mineral absorption of the plants grafted on S. torvum rootstocks were less than those of control. Conclusion Overall, the growth, yield, quality and other indicators suggested that grafting tomato scions on S. torvum rootstocks would be suitable for application.
- tomato /
- Solanum torvum /
- grafting /
- growth /
- yield /
- fruit quality

HTML全文

表 1 托鲁巴姆嫁接对番茄株高和叶片数的影响

Table 1. Effects of S. torvum rootstock grafting on plant height and leaf count of tomato plants

测定项目 Item	处理 Treatment	定植天数Time
测定项目 Item	处理 Treatment	10 d	17 d	24 d	31 d	38 d	45 d
株高 Plant height/cm	CK	21.9±0.88a	37.9±1.79a	56.1±2.14a	80.1±5.36a	98.7±5.11a	116.8±5.08a
株高 Plant height/cm	T1	22.3±1.25a	32.8±1.39b	46.6±2.45b	66.6±2.91b	83.2±2.22b	99.8±3.62b
叶片数 Leaf number	CK	6.7±0.48a	9.5±0.52a	12.5±0.50ab	15.2±0.63a	18.1±0.94a	20.6±0.66a
叶片数 Leaf number	T1	6.5±0.53a	9.1±0.74a	12±0.44b	14.1±0.71b	16.6±0.49b	18.5±0.50b
注：同列数值不同字母表示差异显著水平达0.05。表 2~8同。 Note:Statistical analysis was conducted using Duncan's of SAS software. Different letters within a same column indicate significant difference at 0.05 level. The same as table 2-8.

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 托鲁巴姆嫁接对番茄植株干鲜重的影响

Table 2. Effects of S. torvum rootstock grafting on fresh and dry weights of tomato plants

处理 Trea-tmen	地上部Shoot			地下部Root			根冠比 Root-shoot ratio
处理 Trea-tmen	鲜重 Fresh weight/(g·plant^-1)	干重 Dry weight/(g·plant ^-1)	干物率 DM percentage/%	鲜重 Fresh weight/(g·plant^-1)	干重 Dry weigh/(g·plant^-1)	干物率 DM percentage/%	根冠比 Root-shoot ratio
Ck	731.5±7.05a	81.6±1.78a	11.2±0.01b	14.5±0.85a	2.0±0.12a	13.9±0.32b	0.021±0.0017b
T1	344.1±8.08b	46.6±0.45b	13.6±0.02a	9.9±0.33b	1.9±0.08a	19.4±0.28a	0.041±0.0038a

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 托鲁巴姆嫁接对番茄光合色素含量和根系活力的影响

Table 3. Effects of S. torvum rootstock grafting on photosynthetic pigment content in leaves and root vigor of tomato plants

处理 Treatment	叶绿素a Chlorophylla/(mg·g^-1)	叶绿素b Chlorophyllb/(mg·g^-1)	叶绿素总量 Total chlorophyll/(mg·g^-1)	类胡萝卜素 Carotenoid/(mg·g^-1)	根系活力 Root vigor/(μg·g^-1·h^-1)
CK	1.950±0.069a	0.767±0.037a	2.717±0.011a	0.294±0.016b	37.63±3.584b
T1	1.944±0.046a	0.729±0.032a	2.673±0.010a	0.319±0.077a	60.42±1.41a

下载: 导出CSV

表 4 托鲁巴姆嫁接对番茄单果重和单株产量的影响

Table 4. Effects of S. torvum rootstock grafting on fruit weight and yield per plant of tomato plants

处理 Treatment	单果重 Fruit weight /g	单株结果数 Fruit number per plant	单株产量 Yield per plant/kg	每667m²产量 Yield per 667m²/kg
CK	229.4±0.02a	11.9±0.12a	2.73±0.10a	8201.3±301.30a
T1	173.5±0.03b	11.1±0.76a	1.92±0.08b	5744.9±242.76b

下载: 导出CSV

表 5 托鲁巴姆嫁接对番茄水分利用率的影响

Table 5. Effect of S. torvum rootstock grafting on water utilization of tomato plants

处理 Treatment	单株耗水量 Water consumption/(m³·plant^-1)	单株产量 Yield per plant/(kg·plant^-1)	水分利用率 Water use efficiency/(kg·m^-3)
CK	0.0866±0.001a	2.73±0.10a	31.6±0.23a
T1	0.0551±0.002b	1.92±0.08b	34.8±0.31a

下载: 导出CSV

表 6 托鲁巴姆嫁接对番茄植株矿质元素吸收量的影响

Table 6. Effect of S. torvum rootstock grafting on mineral absorption of tomato plants

处理 Treatment	矿质元素吸收量Absorption of mineral elements/(g·plant^-1)
处理 Treatment	N	P	K	Ca	Mg
CK	9.82±0.43a	3.22±0.86a	16.21±0.97a	6.74±0.43a	3.52±0.32a
T1	5.92±0.13b	2.22±0.30b	10.74±0.65b	4.05±0.56b	1.95±0.31b

下载: 导出CSV

表 7 托鲁巴姆嫁接对番茄矿质元素利用率的影响

Table 7. Effect of S. torvum rootstock grafting on mineral utilization of tomato plants

处理 Treatment	矿质元素利用率Mineral element use efficiency/ (kg·g^-1)
处理 Treatment	N	P	K	Ca	Mg
CK	0.279±0.018b	0.851±0.048a	0.169±0.011a	0.407±0.019b	0.779±0.056b
T1	0.324±0.014a	0.864±0.029a	0.178±0.003a	0.473±0.041a	0.984±0.019a

下载: 导出CSV

表 8 托鲁巴姆嫁接对番茄果实营养品质的影响

Table 8. Effect of S. torvum rootstock grafting on nutritional quality of tomatoes

处理 Treatment	可溶性固形物 Soluble solid/%	Vc/(mg·hg^-1FW)	可溶性糖 Soluble sugar/(g·hg^-1FW)	可滴定酸 Titratable acid/(g·hg^-1FW)	糖酸比 Sugar-acid ratio	番茄红素 Lycopene/(mg·hg^-1FW)
CK	4.667±0.31a	23.60±0.70b	2.65±0.045b	0.3567±0.047a	7.514±0.86a	5.34±0.41a
T1	4.993±0.57a	27.23±0.40a	2.89±0.087a	0.3333±0.021a	8.704±0.65a	5.46±0.82a

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(24)

[1]	高方胜, 王磊, 徐坤.砧木与嫁接番茄产量品质关系的综合评价[J].中国农业科学, 2014, 47(3):605-612. doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2014.03.020 GAO F S, WANG L, XU K. Comprehensive evaluation of relationship between rootstocks and yield and quality in grafting tomato[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2014, 47(3):605-612.(in Chinese) doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2014.03.020
[2]	黄益鸿, 雷东阳.不同砧木嫁接番茄抗青枯病效果研究[J].江西农业学报, 2013, 25(3):73-75. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/jxnyxb201301022 HUANG Y H, LEI D Y. Study on bacterial wilt resistance of tomato grafted by different rootstocks[J], Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi, 2013, 25(3):73-75.(in Chinese) http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/jxnyxb201301022
[3]	GONG B, LI X, VANDENLANGENBERG K M, et al. Overexpression of S-adenosyl-L-methioninesynthetase increased tomato tolerance to alkali stress through polyamine metabolism[J]. Plant Biotechnology Journal, 2014, 12(6):694-708. doi: 10.1111/pbi.2014.12.issue-6
[4]	ZHU J K. Abiotic stress signaling and responses in plants[J]. Cell, 2016, 167(2):313-324. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.08.029
[5]	ALBACETE A. Unravelling rootstock×scion interactions to improve food security[J]. Journal of Experimental Botany, 2015, 66(8):1535-1540. http://cn.bing.com/academic/profile?id=01de3160a3520dbd8623ab75c2aaf39b&encoded=0&v=paper_preview&mkt=zh-cn
[6]	刘德兴, 荆鑫, 焦娟, 等.嫁接对番茄产量、品质及耐盐性影响的综合评价[J].园艺学报, 2017, 44(6):1094-1104. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/yyxb201706008 LIU D X, JING X, JIAO J, et al. Comprehensive evaluation of yield, quality and salt stress tolerance in grafting tomato[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2017, 44(6):1094-1104.(in Chinese) http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/yyxb201706008
[7]	蔡鹏, 李跃建, 刘独臣, 等.砧木托鲁巴姆嫁接对夏秋茄子生长特性、产量与品质的影响[J].西南农业学报, 2015, 28(3):1201-1204. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/xnnyxb201503052 CAI P, LI Y J, LIU D C, et al. Effect of rootstock solanum torvum on growth performance, yield and quality of eggplant in summer and autumn[J]. Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2015, 28(3):1201-1204.(in Chinese) http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/xnnyxb201503052
[8]	韦小英, 解桂锋, 马新, 等. "托鲁巴姆"叶片总黄酮对茄子黄萎病抗性及根际微生物的影响[J].黑龙江大学工程学报, 2016, 7(4):53-58. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/hljsz201604010 WEI X Y, XIE G F, MA X, et al. Effects of flavonoids in leaves of solanum torvum on eggplant's resistance to verticillium wilt and rhizosphere microorganism[J]. Journal of Heilongjiang Hydraulic Engineering College, 2016, 7(4):53-58.(in Chinese) http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/hljsz201604010
[9]	张淑红, 詹林玉, 王月, 等.托鲁巴姆与西安绿茄嫁接对茄子根际土壤微生物群落结构的影响[J].沈阳农业大学学报, 2018, 49(2):196-202. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/synydxxb201802011 ZHANG S H, ZHAN L Y, WAMG Y, et al. Effect of grafting on soil microbial community structure of torubam and xi'an green eggplant grafting[J]. Trurnal of Shenyang Agricultural University, 2018, 49(2):196-202.(in Chinese) http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/synydxxb201802011
[10]	李楠洋, 陈钰辉, 刘富中, 等.托鲁巴姆在茄子嫁接栽培上的应用研究[J].中国蔬菜, 2013, 1(10):1-8. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6346.2013.10.001 LI N Y, CHEN Y H, LIU F Z, et al. Studies on applying solanum torvum sw.in eggplant graft[J]. China Vegetables, 2013, 1(10):1-8.(in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6346.2013.10.001
[11]	梁朋, 陈振德, 罗庆熙.南方根结线虫对不同砧木嫁接番茄苗活性氧清除系统的影响[J].生态学报, 2012, 32(7):2294-2302. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/stxb201207037 LIANG P, CHEN Z D, LUO Q X. Effects of meloidogyne incognita on scavenging system of reactive oxygen species in tomato seedlings grafted with different rootstocks[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2012, 32(7):2294-2302.(in Chinese) http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/stxb201207037
[12]	陈振德, 王佩圣, 周英.不同砧木嫁接对番茄产量、品质及南方根结线虫防治效果的影响[J].中国蔬菜, 2012(20):83-87. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/zgsc201220015 CHEN Z D, WANG P S, ZHOU Y. Effects of different resistant rootstocks on yield and quality of grafted tomato and control effects of meloidogyne incognita[J]. China Vegetables, 2012(20):83-87.(in Chinese) http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/zgsc201220015
[13]	陈阳, 林永胜, 周先治, 等.不同砧木嫁接对番茄产量、品质及抗病性影响的研究[J].福建农业学报, 2015, 30(5):483-488. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.05.012 CHEN Y, LIN Y S, ZHOU X Z, et al. Effect of grafting rootstocks on yield, quality and disease resistance of tomatoes[J]. Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2015, 30(5):483-488.(in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-0384.2015.05.012
[14]	MOHSENIAN Y, ROOSTA H R. Effects of grafting on alkali stress in tomato plants:datura rootstock improve alkalinity tolerance of tomato plants[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 2015, 38(1):51-72. http://cn.bing.com/academic/profile?id=f8ff2319864505a52b8a729f13788897&encoded=0&v=paper_preview&mkt=zh-cn
[15]	李合生.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社, 2000. LI H S. Plant Physiological and Biochemical Experimental Principles and Techniques[M]. Beijing:Higher Education Press, 2000.(in Chinese)
[16]	张连富, 丁霄霖.番茄红素简便测定方法的建立[J].食品与发酵工业, 2002, 27(3):51-55. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0253-990X.2002.03.014 ZHANG L F, DING X L. Establishment of a new lycopene determination method[J]. Food and Fermentation Industries, 2002, 27(3):51-55.(in Chinese) doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0253-990X.2002.03.014
[17]	李韵珠, 王凤仙, 黄元访.土壤水分和养分利用效率几种定义的比较[J].土壤通报, 2000, 31(4):150-155. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0564-3945.2000.04.003 LI Y Z, WANG F X, HUANG Y F. Comoarison for various definitions about soil water and nutrient use efficiency[J]. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2000, 31(4):150-155.(in Chinese) doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0564-3945.2000.04.003
[18]	ALONI B, COHEN R, KARNI L, et al. Hormonal signaling in rootstock-scion interactions[J]. Scientia Horticulturae, 2010, 127:119-126. doi: 10.1016/j.scienta.2010.09.003
[19]	付玲, 白小梅, 杨显贺, 等.嫁接辣椒光合特性及其对产量和品质的影响[J].园艺学报, 2013, 40(3):449-457. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/yyxb201303006 FU L, BAI X M, YANG X H, et al. Effects of grafted on photosynthetic characteristics, yield and quality of pepper[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2013, 40(3):449-457.(in Chinese) http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/yyxb201303006
[20]	荆子桓, 王先裕, 赵汉卿, 等.茄子砧木嫁接对樱桃番茄生长势、果实品质与萼片形态的影响[J].北方园艺, 2016(21):23-27. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/bfyany201621006 JING Z H, WANG X Y, ZHAO H Q, et al. Effect of different rootstock grafting on growth potential, quality and calyx on cherry tomato[J]. Northern Horticulture, 2016(21):23-27.(in Chinese) http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/bfyany201621006
[21]	邰翔, 朱为民, 吴雪霞, 等.番茄耐盐性茄子砧木的筛选[J].上海农业学报, 2008, 24(4):75-78. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-3924.2008.04.020 TAI X, ZHU W M, WU X X, et al. Screening on salt-tolerant eggplant rootstocks of tomato[J]. Acta Agriculturae Shanghai, 2008, 24(4):75-78.(in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-3924.2008.04.020
[22]	王茹华, 周宝利, 张启发, 等.嫁接对茄子根际微生物种群数量的影响[J].园艺学报, 2005, 32(1):124-126. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0513-353X.2005.01.030 WANG R H, ZHOU B L, ZHANG Q F, et al. Effects of grafting on rhizosphere microbial populations of eggplants[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2005, 32(1):124-126.(in Chinese) doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0513-353X.2005.01.030
[23]	潜宗伟, 陈海丽, 崔彦玲.异属砧木嫁接对茄子和番茄生长、产量及品质的影响[J].湖北农业科学, 2017, 55(7):697-701. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/hbnykx201704027 QIAN Z W, CHEN H L, CUI Y L. Effect of rootstock genus on growth, yield and quality of the grafting tomato and eggplant[J]. Hubei Agricultural Sciences, 2017, 55(7):697-701.(in Chinese) http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/hbnykx201704027
[24]	罗爱华, 李文甲, 任辉丽, 等.茄子砧木嫁接番茄对生长发育特性及产量品质的影响[J].黑龙江农业科学, 2017(7):45-47. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/hljnykx201707014 LUO A H, LI W J, REN H L, et al. Effects on growth characteristic and fruit yield and quality of grafting tomatoes onto eggplant rootstock[J]. Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2017(7):45-47.(in Chinese) http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/hljnykx201707014