Safe Application of Five Pesticides for Cowpeas
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摘要: 为了评价阿维菌素、吡虫啉、乙基多杀菌素、多菌灵和戊唑醇等5种农药在豇豆上的使用安全性,以5种农药的最大推荐剂量,分设1、2、3次施药,采收不同间隔期的豇豆样品。在电喷雾正离子(ESI+),多反应监测(MRM)模式下,用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(UPLC/MS/MS)对样品中的农药残留进行分析。试验结果表明:阿维菌素、吡虫啉和戊唑醇在豇豆中的残留量均小于最大残留限量值(MRL);药后2 d采收的豇豆中乙基多杀菌素残留量低于最大残留限量值要求;多菌灵的安全间隔期大于10 d,因而,多菌灵不适合在豇豆成熟期使用。Abstract: The safety of 5 pesticides, abamectin, imidacloprid, spinetoram, carbendazim and tebuconazole, applied on cowpea was evaluated. At the maximum recommended dosage, each of these pesticides was sprayed on the plants 1, 2 or 3 times prior to sampling. Samples of the treated cowpeas were analyzed using the ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC/MS/MS) with the positive ion multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The residues of abamectin, imidacloprid and tebuconazole were found to be lower than their maximum residue limits (MRLs). The residue of spinetoram was below the MRL 2 days after a final application. However, carbendazim required more than 10 days to be considered safe for consumption and was, therefore, not recommended for the application on cowpeas at mature stage.
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Key words:
- abamectin /
- imidacloprid /
- spinetoram /
- cowpea /
- safe application
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表 1 5种农药及其代谢物的质谱检测条件
Table 1. Mass-spectrometric conditions for determinations on 5 pesticides and their metabolites
农药 母离子(m/z) 子离子(m/z) 驻留时间/s 锥孔电压/V 碰撞电压/V 阿维菌素 890.6 193.1 0.025 20 30 890.6 305.2* 0.025 20 25 890.6 567.4 0.025 20 11 吡虫啉 256.1 175.1* 0.025 23 20 256.1 209.1 0.025 23 15 XDE-175-J 748.6 98.2 0.003 30 80 748.6 142.2* 0.003 30 35 N-formyl-XDE-175-J 784.6 517.3 0.003 30 48 784.6 629.4* 0.003 30 45 N-demethyl-XDE-175-J 734.4 84 0.003 30 80 734.4 128.2* 0.003 30 30 XDE-175-L 760.4 98.2 0.003 30 80 760.4 142.2* 0.003 30 35 多菌灵 192.1 132.1 0.025 24 28 192.1 160.1* 0.025 24 18 甲基硫菌灵 343 93 0.025 19 46 343 151* 0.025 19 22 戊唑醇 308 70.1* 0.025 31 22 308 125 0.025 31 40 注:*定量离子对。 表 2 5种农药的残留中值
Table 2. Median pesticide residues on cowpeas
农药 施药剂量/(g·hm-2) 施药次数 不同采收间隔的残留中值 1 d 2 d 3 d 5 d 7 d 10 d 15 d 阿维菌素 21.6 1 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 2 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 3 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 吡虫啉 36 1 0.030 0.009 0.012 0.004 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 2 0.046 0.010 0.005 0.002 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 3 0.034 0.010 0.007 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 乙基多杀菌素 52.5 1 0.192 0.102 0.077 0.028 0.002 0.001 < 0.001 2 0.153 0.091 0.066 0.011 0.004 < 0.001 < 0.001 3 0.213 0.131 0.067 0.013 0.002 0.001 < 0.001 多菌灵 1500 1 7.000 4.133 6.811 2.808 0.765 0.272 0.083 2 7.112 5.373 7.408 1.741 1.648 0.445 0.125 3 15.424 9.288 3.491 2.451 1.333 0.501 0.107 戊唑醇 116 1 0.499 0.331 0.315 0.117 0.037 0.019 0.008 2 0.427 0.333 0.269 0.131 0.083 0.021 < 0.002 3 0.584 0.525 0.320 0.147 0.064 0.013 0.008 -
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