Evaluation of Soil Solarization for Controlling Root-knot Nematodes on Tropical Peppers in Open-fields
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摘要: 辣椒根结线虫病在海南全省普遍发生，本研究通过对土壤覆盖透明塑料地膜，探讨阳光消毒对海南冬季露地辣椒根结线虫病的防治效果。结果表明，覆膜期间5、10、15、20 cm土层最高温分别可达73、57.8、45.1、43.9℃。覆膜处理30~60 d，土壤中根结线虫二龄幼虫数量减少54.8%~57.5%，辣椒移栽2个月后的防治效果可达65.9%~70.3%，移栽5个月后仍具有55.9%~59.1%的防治效果。不同覆膜时间处理间防治效果无显著性差异。海南拥有丰富的阳光资源，采用覆盖透明塑料地膜的方法对根结线虫具有良好的防治效果，可减少化学杀线剂的使用量，提高经济效益。Abstract: Chili peppers cultivated in open-fields in Hainan province are commonly infested by root-knot nematodes (RKN). This study focused on the effect of disinfection by using solar energy to control the pepper RKN disease. Transparent plastic mulch film was used to cover the soil for evaluation. The highest temperatures of the solarized soil layers at 5 cm, 10 cm, 15 cm and 20 cm were found to be 73℃, 57.8℃, 45.1℃ and 43.9℃, respectively. After 30-60d mulching, the population of the second-stage RKN juveniles was reduced by 54.8%-57.5%. Two months after the plants were transplanted, the control efficacy was 65.9%-70.3% and remained at 55.9%-59.1% level 5 months after the transplantation. Duration of mulching did not show any significant difference on the efficacy. The abundant sunshine in Hainan would render the solarization a method feasible and cost effective for controlling RKN while minimizing the dependency on chemical nematicides.
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Key words:
- chili pepper /
- solarization /
- transparent film /
- root-knot nematode /
- dazomet
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图 1 覆膜后不同土壤深度日最高温度变化动态
Figure 1. Dynamic change of peak temperature in depths of soil mulched with transparent film under the sun
图 2 覆膜后不同土壤深度平均温度日变化动态
Figure 2. Daily change of average temperature in depths of soil mulched with transparent film under the sun
图 3 不同处理对辣椒生长的影响
注：A、B为未覆透明膜处理，辣椒叶片黄化，根系已产生较多根结；C、D为覆透明膜处理30 d，辣椒叶片颜色正常，根结不明显。
Figure 3. Effect of treatments on growth of pepper plants
表 2 不同处理对辣椒株高的影响
Table 2. Height of pepper plants under different treatments
处理 株高/cm 株高增长率/% 覆膜30 d 40.4±2.7 -0.7 a 覆膜50 d 39.2±1.3 -0.4 a 覆膜60 d 41.2±2.2 1.2 a 棉隆 39.5±1.9 -0.3 a 未覆膜CK 40.7±2.0 - 
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表 3 不同处理对辣椒根结线虫的防治效果
Table 3. Efficacy of treatments on controlling pepper RKN disease
处理 辣椒移栽2个月/% 辣椒移栽5个月/% 病情指数 防治效果 病情指数 防治效果 覆膜30 d 14.8 65.9b 39.0 55.9b 覆膜40 d 14.3 67.0b 37.6 57.5b 覆膜50 d 15.2 64.8b 36.7 58.6b 覆膜60 d 12.9 70.3ab 36.2 59.1b 棉隆 5.7 86.8a 17.6 80.1a 未覆膜CK 43.3 - 88.6 -
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