Effect of Chinese Milk Vetch (Astragalus sinicus L.) as a Green Manure on Grape Productivity and Quality, Nutrient Contents, and Microbiologic Properties of Vineyard Soils
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摘要: 为探求紫云英绿肥翻压对葡萄园土壤养分、土壤酶活性及葡萄产量和品质的影响,连续4年在葡萄园内开展不同紫云英绿肥翻压量试验,对果实品质指标、土壤有机碳、土壤氮磷钾、土壤酸性磷酸酶、土壤脲酶、土壤蔗糖酶以及土壤过氧化氢酶等指标进行测定。结果表明:在施用等量NPK条件下,紫云英绿肥翻压量在6 000~22 500 kg·hm-2,土壤酶活性和微生物数量随着紫云英绿肥鲜草翻压量的增加而增强,有效促进了葡萄园土壤中养分的转化,从而提高葡萄产量和各项品质指标。紫云英鲜草翻压量为22 500 kg·hm-2时达到最佳土壤培肥效果,葡萄产量最高,达16 530 kg·hm-2,且口感达最佳。与单施NPK肥相比,土壤各项酶活性指标提高了11.7%~39.5%;土壤中各类菌数量增幅12.0%~147.8%;产量提高了15.3%,中心糖含量、维生素C含量及黄酮类化化合物分别提高了13.5%、8.8%、11.9%。此外,研究还表明,紫云英鲜草翻压量大于22 500 kg·hm-2对土壤肥力、葡萄品质的提升效果不显著。Abstract: In order to explore the effect of overturning Astragalus sinicus L. on soil nutrient, microbial characteristics, grape yield and quality, a 4-year experiment of overturning different amount of milk vetch green manure in vineyards was conducted. Meanwhile, fruit quality, soil organic carbon, acid phosphatase, urease, invertase and catalase were measured. The results showed that the activities of these vineyards' acid phosphatase, urease, invertase, catalase were increased with incrasing levels of green manure under the treatments received different amount of green manure (6 000-30 000 kg·m-2). Additionally, in comparison with NPK treatment, soil enzymatic activities under the treatments received different amount of green manure (6 000-30 000 kg·m-2) increased by 11.7%~39.5%, the amount of microbial communities increased by 12.0%-147.8%, grape yield increased by 15.3%, soluble sugar, Vitamin C and flavonoid content in grape fruits increased by 13.5%, 8.8%, 11.9%, respectively. Moreover, the maximal tea yields of 16 530 kg·hm-2 was obtained under the treatment at an application dose of 22 500 kg·hm-2. Therefore, the amounts of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes in the vineyard soils were increased, soil nutrient transformations were promoted, and grape productivity and quality were improved, especially for the treatment at an application dose of 22 500 kg·hm-2.
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Key words:
- milk vetch /
- vineyard /
- soil nutrient contents /
- microbial characteristics /
- quality
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表 1 紫云英翻压量对葡萄外观品质指标的影响
Table 1. Effect of overturning Milk vetch green manure on grape appearance index
试验处理 纵径/mm 横径/mm 果形指数 果实硬度/(kg·cm-3) 单粒重/ g 产量/(×103kg·hm-2) NPK(CK) 23.16±0.28 a 18.18±0.35 a 1.27±0.05 a 1.89±0.05 c 7.59±0.12 c 14.33±0.37 b NPK+MV6000 23.32±0.23 a 18.13±0.26 a 1.29±0.03 a 1.96±0.07 c 8.02±0.06 b 14.68±0.74 b NPK+MV15000 23.44±0.38 a 17.98±0.36 a 1.30±0.10 a 2.09±0.05 a 8.08±0.03 ab 16.00±0.69 ab NPK+MV22500 23.60±0.34 a 17.90±0.20 a 1.32±0.07 a 2.07±0.06 ab 8.16±0.03 a 16.53±1.50 a NPK+MV30000 23.49±0.45 a 18.16±0.23 a 1.29±0.06 a 1.97±0.07 bc 8.15±0.06 a 15.82±1.13 ab 注:同列数据后不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),表 2、3同。 表 2 葡萄套种紫云英绿肥翻压量试验各处理土壤养分状况
Table 2. Soil nutrient status of each treatment test on interplanting grape milk vetch green manure
试验处理 有机碳/(g·kg-1) 全氮/(g·kg-1) 全磷/(g·kg-1) 全钾/(g·kg-1) 碱解氮/(mg·kg-1) 速效磷/(mg·kg-1) 速效钾/(mg·kg-1) NPK(CK) 5.71±1.00c 1.01±0.03c 0.83±0.04b 13.93±0.95b 101.05±4.65c 40.48±2.47b 114.53±2.68b NPK+MV6000 5.86±1.67bc 1.12±0.04b 0.86±0.02ab 14.33±0.38b 111.45±9.25bc 44.92±1.44a 120.29±4.56ab NPK+MV15000 6.05±2.00ab 1.19±0.07ab 0.89±0.03a 15.20±0.60ab 124.86±8.47ab 44.82±1.09a 121.57±3.36a NPK+MV22500 6.20±0.11a 1.24±0.03a 0.92±0.04a 16.73±1.50a 130.37±4.08a 47.10a±0.81a 122.36±2.16a NPK+MV30000 5.98±0.03b 1.25±0.03a 0.90±0.03a 16.77±0.45a 137.07±8.32a 47.10a±0.88a 122.98±3.25a 表 3 紫云英翻压量对葡萄园土壤酶活性和微生物数量的影响
Table 3. Soil enzymatic activity and Soil microbial quantity of each treatment test on interplanting grape milk vetch green manure
处理 酸性磷酸酶/(μmol·g-1·h-1) 脲酶/(μg·g-1·h-1) 蔗糖酶/(mg·g-1·h-1) 过氧化氢酶/(mmol·g-1·h-1) 细菌数量/(×107 CFU·g-1) 放线菌数量/(×107 CFU·g-1) 真菌数量/(×107 CFU·g-1) NPK(CK) 0.98±0.10b 38.33±3.51c 282±0.10c 0.13±0.01c 0.46±0.07c 0.50±0.07c 0.61±0.05d NPK+MV6000 1.06±0.05b 44.33±4.72bc 3.04±0.12b 0.13±0.01bc 0.59±0.08c 0.56±0.05bc 0.72±0.05c NPK+MV15000 1.10±0.02b 48.67±3.06ab 3.22±0.11a 0.14±0.01ab 0.92±0.13ab 0.64±0.47bc 0.96±0.07b NPK+MV22500 1.36±0.13a 53.00±3.00a 3.29±0.12a 0.14±0.01a 1.14±0.14a 1.09±0.14a 1.17±0.07a NPK+MV30000 1.25±061a 56.00±3.00a 3.12±0.07ab 0.14±0.01a 1.09±0.11b 0.95±0.09ab 1.10±0.05a 表 4 土壤养分和土壤酶活性的相关分析
Table 4. Correlation between soil enzyme activities and soil nutrient contents
项目 酸性磷酸酶 脲酶 蔗糖酶 过氧化氢酶 全碳 0.82* 0.74 0.98** 0.90* 全氮 0.88* 0.98** 0.90* 0.98** 有机碳 0.87* 0.81 0.98** 0.94** 全钾 0.95** 0.96** 0.76 0.90* 碱解氮 0.85* 0.99** 0.83* 0.96** 速效磷 0.87* 0.94** 0.86* 0.91* 速效钾 0.78 0.93** 089* 0.94** 注:*表示差异达到5%显著水平,**表示差异达到1%显著水平。 -
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