Utilization of Municipal Sludge Passivated by Coal Ash on Yellow Garden Soil
-
摘要: 为促进城市污泥和发电厂粉煤灰的资源化、无害化利用,采用粉煤灰钝化污泥中的重金属,并利用钝化污泥进行园林黄壤改良及翠芦莉栽培,结果表明:粉煤灰对城市污泥钝化具有显著作用。粉煤灰显著降低了城市污泥有效态Fe、Mn的含量,城市污泥和粉煤灰按1:2比例配比时,钝化效果最佳。粉煤灰钝化城市污泥在钝化8 h后效果最佳,污泥中有效态重金属含量最低。磷石膏钝化城市污泥效果不显著。钝化污泥显著增加了土壤和植物中氮磷钾养分含量,其中植物全氮含量增幅较大,且能显著增加土壤微量元素。土壤和钝化污泥按1:1配比时,翠芦莉生长相比其他处理更为显著,植株地上、地下部干物质累积量达到最高,能促进翠芦莉的生长。Abstract: Utilization of the ash generated from coal-fired power plants to reduce heavy metal content in municipal sludge was investigated.By using the coal ash to passivate heavy metals in the sludge to be added to yellow garden soil for a pot experiment, the effect on the growth of Ruellia Brittoniana was monitored. The results showed that the coal ash significantly reduced the heavy metals, especially available Fe and Mn, in the sludge. The passivation effect was most significant when the ratio of municipal sludge to coal ash was 1 to 2 in an 8-hour treatment. By comparison, the phosphor-gypsum addition showed no significant passivating effect on the sludge. The coal ash passivated sludge significantly increased the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and microelements in the gardensoil. Meanwhile the plants grown on the composite soil significantly increased on total nitrogen. Among all mixing ratios, the mixture of equal parts of soil and the passivated sludge allowed the greatest amount of dry matters accumulated in both the above-and underground parts of R.brittoniana, and consequently, was deemed appropriate for urban gardening applications.
-
Key words:
- coal ash /
- phosphor-gypsum /
- passivated sludge /
- yellow garden soil /
- Ruellia Brittoniana
-
表 1 污泥和粉煤灰的pH值与若干金属元素含量
Table 1. pH and metal contents of sludge and coal ash
项目 pH Cu/
(mg·kg-1)Zn/
(mg·kg-1)Pb/
(mg·kg-1)Ni/
(mg·kg-1)Cd/
(mg·kg-1)Fe/
(mg·kg-1)Mn/
(mg·kg-1)粉煤灰 11.79 38.26 52.1 48.31 20.81 0.66 46.22 316.37 污泥 6.84 24.92 175.2 20.62 4.63 0.69 1034.65 127.06 农用标准 250 250 30 100 6 300 100 表 2 粉煤灰和磷石膏不同配比处理
Table 2. Varied mixing ratios of coal ash or phosphor-gypsum with sludge
处理 粉煤灰/kg 磷石膏/kg A0B0 0.0 0.000 A0B1 0.0 0.024 A0B2 0.0 0.018 A0B3 0.0 0.012 A1B0 0.8 0.000 A1B1 0.8 0.024 A1B2 0.8 0.018 A1B3 0.8 0.012 A2B0 1.2 0 A2B1 1.2 0.024 A2B2 1.2 0.018 A2B3 1.2 0.012 A3B0 1.6 0.000 A3B1 1.6 0.024 A3B2 1.6 0.018 A3B3 1.6 0.012 表 3 粉煤灰和磷石膏对污泥有效态Fe含量的影响
Table 3. Effect of coal ash or phosphor-gypsum on available Fe in sludge
[单位/(mg·kg-1)] 项目 粉煤灰A0 粉煤灰A1 粉煤灰A2 粉煤灰A3 磷石膏B0 1034.65±56.90 165.12±14.66 108.58±0.79 118.49±2.16 磷石膏B1 1030.05±33.13 178.10±4.27 94.89±1.80 126.39±2.30 磷石膏B2 1117.71±15.53 199.13±3.77 108.25±3.23 99.11±4.00 磷石膏B3 1045.85±10.94 214.06±2.14 109.92±2.53 97.34±1.83 表 4 粉煤灰和磷石膏对污泥有效态Mn含量的影响
Table 4. Effect of coal ash or phosphor-gypsum on available Mn in sludge
[单位/(mg·kg-1)] 项目 粉煤灰A0 粉煤灰A1 粉煤灰A2 粉煤灰A3 磷石膏B0 127.06±6.71 89.04±4.41 68.71±0.39 53.57±0.34 磷石膏B1 124.97±13.44 90.28±0.64 68.22±1.04 51.50±0.26 磷石膏B2 143.48±2.16 90.50±2.16 67.53±1.15 52.45±0.35 磷石膏B3 150.04±0.46 99.27±2.00 61.72±1.50 50.13±0.43 表 5 各处理钝化污泥对土壤养分和重金属含量的影响
Table 5. Effects of passivated sludge treatments on nutrient and heavy metal contents in soil
[单位/(mg·kg-1)] 项目 土壤与污泥配比 全土壤(CK) 1:1 1:2 1:3 速效K 165.58±0.03c 191.96±9.31b 203.19±4.67b 222.04±7.29a 有效P 93.31±0.76d 177.46±1.23c 219.10±2.29b 256.18±2.15a 碱解N 24.72±2.43d 65.56±0.41c 75.58±1.60b 81.45±0.71a 有效Fe 9.35±0.31c 59.84±0.74a 50.79±1.10a 49.10±1.92b 有效Mn 10.68±0.12d 46.02±0.03a 41.41±0.17b 31.78±1.15c 有效Cu 0.28±0.01d 2.66±0.07c 3.76±0.12b 4.01±0.11a 有效Zn 2.73±0.24c 16.39±0.27b 15.98±0.45a 15.21±0.48a 有效Ni 0.04±0.00c 0.61±0.01b 0.89±0.18a 0.83±0.02a 有效Pb 1.45±0.01c 1.99±0.05a 1.67±0.02a 1.62±0.01b 有效Cd 0.01±0.00d 0.08±0.00c 0.10±0.00a 0.09±0.00b 注:同列数据后不同小写字母表示差异达显著水平(P < 0.05)。表 6、8~10同。 表 6 各处理钝化污泥对翠芦莉生长的影响
Table 6. Effect of passivated sludge in soil on growth of R. brittoniana
土壤与污泥配比 株高/cm 叶面积/cm2 全土壤(CK) 57.7±2.1c 58.0±3.4b 1:1 77.5±4.8a 83.5±9.4a 1:2 79.4±6.4a 84.3±8.6a 1:3 73.5±3.2b 87.8±5.4a 表 8 各处理钝化污泥对翠芦莉养分含量的影响
Table 8. Effect of treatments of passivated sludge in soil on nutrients content in R.brittoniana
土壤与污泥配比 全N/
(g·kg-1)全P/
(g·kg-1)全K/
(g·kg-1)地上部分 全土壤(CK) 14.37±1.16c 1.93±0.03c 20.56±0.95c 1:1 30.96±1.17a 3.00±0.02a 38.23±0.83a 1:2 29.01±0.46b 2.81±0.03b 38.29±1.40a 1:3 28.15±0.95b 2.78±0.06b 35.50±0.96b 地下部分 全土壤(CK) 8.05±1.36c 2.65±0.02c 27.13±0.70c 1:1 21.33±0.37a 3.73±0.02a 38.60±0.71a 1:2 18.14±0.99b 3.37±0.25b 34.89±2.50b 1:3 18.59±1.30b 3.48±0.13ab 33.70±3.08b 表 9 各处理钝化污泥对翠芦莉地上部重金属含量的影响
Table 9. Effect of treatments of passivated sludge in soil on heavy metals content in aboveground parts of R. brittoniana
[单位/(mg·kg-1) 土壤与污泥配比 全Fe 全Mn 全Cu 全Zn 全Ni 全Pb 全Cd 全土壤 278.41±6.27c 102.15±0.71d 11.58±0.40b 56.33±9.80c 13.12±0.25a 2.87±0.81a 0.09±0.02c 1:1 354.11±8.16a 305.07±1.02a 10.67±0.57b 75.93±7.55a 7.23±1.20b 1.65±0.51a 0.20±0.04b 1:2 323.18±3.69ab 275.80±5.17a 11.23±0.63b 72.77±5.75b 7.52±1.39b 2.37±0.81a 0.23±0.05ab 1:3 301.22±5.10b 225.88±6.31b 26.55±0.76a 70.38±9.96b 8.61±1.81a 4.10±1.56a 0.31±0.05a 表 10 各处理钝化污泥对翠芦莉地下部重金属含量的影响
Table 10. Effect of treatments of passivated sludge in soil on heavy metals content in underground parts of R. brittoniana
[单位/(mg·kg-1) 土壤与污泥配比 全Fe 全Mn 全Cu 全Zn 全Ni 全Pb 全Cd 全土壤 3128.84±29.32a 254.28±19.32d 22.52±1.80a 103.05±8.80c 7.47±0.72c 8.76±0.68b 1.60±0.09c 1:1 2553.13±31.68b 322.30±10.60c 26.19±1.60a 179.24±9.57a 12.30±1.60a 9.87±0.26ab 2.42±0.06a 1:2 2450.13±30.88b 450.35±10.88a 23.96±0.18a 179.64±5.61a 11.25±0.08ab 10.88±0.84a 2.38±0.07a 1:3 2416.85±53.83b 373.55±19.13b 25.92±4.56a 155.34±8.93b 10.30±0.41b 10.76±1.18a 1.95±0.08b 表 7 各处理钝化污泥对翠芦莉生长后期干物质累积量的影响
Table 7. Effect of treatments of passivated sludge in soil on dry matter accumulation in R.brittoniana at late growing stage
土壤与污泥配比 地上部/(g·株-1) 地下部/(g·株-1) 全土壤(CK) 14.76±0.60 6.15±0.61 1:1 19.33±1.29 8.99±0.40 1:2 19.78±1.74 9.22±0.78 1:3 18.98±0.59 9.06±0.63 -
[1] 杨文娟, 薛小康, 王守红, 等.粉煤灰钝化污泥对土中总氮·总磷和重金属含量的影响[J].安徽农业科学, 2012, 40(26):12846-12847. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2012.26.041 [2] 张鸿龄, 孙丽娜, 孙铁珩.粉煤灰钝化污泥人工土壤理化性质研究[J].环境科学, 2008, 29(7):2068-2072. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0250-3301.2008.07.052 [3] 徐加庆.粉煤灰钝化城市污泥中重金属赋存形态及其生物有效性的研究[D].厦门: 华侨大学, 2012. http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD-10385-1013001172.htm [4] 冯婷婷.改性粉煤灰钝化城市污泥中的重金属及其在农业上的应用研究[D].成都: 成都理工大学, 2009. http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD-10616-2009221200.htm [5] 李祯, 李胜荣, 申俊峰, 等.粉煤灰和城市污泥配施对荒漠土壤持水性能影响的实验[J].地球与环境, 2005, 32(2):74-78. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/dzdqhx200502012 [6] WU Q T, PASCASIE N, MO C H, et al. Removal of heavy metals from sewage sludge by costing chemical method and recycling in agriculture[J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 1998, 10(1):122-128. http://www.cqvip.com/QK/85265X/199801/3000994104.html [7] 张鸿龄, 孙丽娜, 孙铁珩.粉煤灰钝化污泥重金属有效性影响[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报, 2008, 27(6):944-946. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-0562.2008.06.043 [8] 陈健, 王润锁.污泥在土壤改良中的作用[J].安徽农业科学, 2011, 39(28):17258-17260. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2011.28.053 [9] 中华人民共和国农业部.中华人民共和国生物有机肥行业标准: NY 884-2004[S].北京.中国农业出版社, 2005. [10] 李淑芹, 田仲鹤, 金宏鑫, 等.施用城市污泥堆肥对土壤和大豆器官重金属积累的影响[J].农业环境科学学报, 2014, 33(2):352-357. http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD-10224-1012515653.htm [11] 黄玉松.土壤对杨梅生长结果的影响分析[J].农业科技通讯, 2012(4):224-225. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6400.2012.04.103 [12] 秦遂初.作物营养障碍的诊断及其防治[M].杭州:浙江科学技术出版社, 1988:303-308. [13] 关红飞, 张雷.粉煤灰在土壤中作用的研究进展[J].中国农业信息, 2017(13):76-79. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/tr201704004 [14] 张鸿龄, 孙丽娜, 孙铁珩.粉煤灰对钝化污泥重金属有效性影响[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报, 2008, 27(6):944-946. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-0562.2008.06.043 [15] 王哲, 郑鹏, 包明山, 等.粉煤灰钝化污泥实验研究[J].环境科学与技术, 2013, 36(12):343-347. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/cqjzdxxb201001022 [16] 李念, 李荣华, 冯静, 等.粉煤灰改良重金属污染农田的修复效果植物甄别[J].农业工程学报, 2015, 31(16):213-219. doi: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2015.16.028 [17] 苏德纯, WONG.粉煤灰钝化污泥对土壤理化性质及玉米重金属累积的影响[J].中国环境科学, 1997, 17(4):321-325. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-6923.1997.04.008 [18] 苏德纯, 张福锁, 黄焕忠.粉煤灰钝化污泥人工土壤上高麦草生长发育及营养状况研究[J].应用与环境生物学报, 1997, 3(3):230-235. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1006-687X.1997.03.008