Application of Fermented Silage for Pigs at Growing Stage
-
摘要: 选用120头平均体重为(25.37±0.74)kg、体况较一致、健康的杜长大三元杂交生长猪,将其随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复10头,分别为添加0%(对照组)、0.5%(处理组1)、1%(处理组2)和2.0%(处理组3)微生物发酵饲料进行饲喂试验,预试期7 d,正试期30 d。饲喂结束后测定分析其对生长猪的生长性能、肠道菌群和养分表观消化率的影响。试验结果表明,与对照组相比,3组试验组均能有效地降低生长猪腹泻率;在生长猪日粮中添加1%的微生物发酵饲料,显著提高生长猪生长性能,平均日增重提高了22.68%(P < 0.05),料重比降低了11.35%;直肠中乳酸杆菌的菌体数量提高57.06%(P < 0.05),而大肠杆菌菌数降低了20.81%;在营养表观消化率上,显著提高了总能、干物质、粗蛋白质和粗纤维上的消化率(P < 0.05)。由此可见,在饲粮中添加1%的微生物发酵饲料添加剂能够提高生长猪生长性能,改善肠道微生物菌群和提高饲料利用率。Abstract: The applicability of a fermented silage material for raising pigs at growing stage was studied. One-hundred-twenty healthy Duroc×Landrance×Rongchang crossbred piglets with an average body weight of 25.37±0.74 kg were randomly divided into 4 groups. Each triplicate group consisted of 10 piglets, which were fed with feed containing 0% (Control), 0.5% (T1), 1.0% (T2) or 2% (T3) of the fermented silage for 7 days in the pre-testing and 30 days in the experimentation feeding with a duplicate run. The results showed that the piglets in T2, as compared to Control, significantly improved the growth performance (P < 0.05) with an increase on the average daily weight gain by 17.66% and a reduction on the feed conversion ratio by 14.61% (P < 0.05), as well as an increase on the Lactobacillus count by 21.26% and a decline on Escherichia coli by 16.02%in the rectum of the piglets (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the apparent digestibility on total energy, dry matters, crude protein, and crude fiber for the piglets also improved significantly (P < 0.05). It was concluded that a 1% addition of the fermented silage to the feed could enhance the growth performance, desirably regulate the intestinal flora, and improve the absorption and metabolism of nutrients for the piglets.
-
Key words:
- fermented silage /
- growing pigs /
- growth performance /
- intestinal flora /
- nutrient digestion
-
表 1 基础日粮的组成及营养水平
Table 1. Composition and nutritional level of basic diet
原料 配比
/%营养水平 含量 玉米 65 消化能/(MJ·kg-1) 13.4 豆粕 21 粗蛋白/% 18.0 麸皮 4 钙/% 0.7 预混料 10 磷/% 0.4 合计 100 赖氨酸/% 1.50 注:①预混料为每千克饲粮提供: VA 9 000 IU,VB1 2.0 mg,VB2 6.0 mg,VB6 3 mg,VB12 0.03 mg,VD3 1500 IU,VE 50 IU,VK3 2.5 mg,叶酸0.25 mg,烟酸15 mg,D-泛酸12.5 mg,生物素biotin 0.3mg,胆碱500 mg,Fe 100.0 mg,Cu (40 mg,Mn 40 mg,I 0.5 mg,Zn 100.0 mg,Se 0.30 mg。②营养水平为计算值。 表 2 微生物发酵饲料对生长猪生长性能的影响
Table 2. Effect of fermented silage addition on growth performance of piglets
表 3 微生物发酵饲料对生长猪腹泻率和直肠微生物菌落数量的影响
Table 3. Effects of fermented silage addition on diarrhea occurrence rate and count of rectal microflora in piglets
处理 腹泻率
/%乳酸杆菌/
(×108cfu·g-1)大肠杆菌/
(×107cfu·g-1)A组(CK) 1.33 a 1.63±0.32 a 1.97±0.16 a B组 0.67 b 2.18±0.23 b 1.80±0.11 b C组 0.56 b 2.56±0.19 ab 1.56±0.29 ab D组 0.56 b 2.27±0.13 b 1.75±0.21 b 表 4 微生物发酵饲料对生长猪饲料养分表观消化率的影响
Table 4. Effect of fermented silage addition on apparent nutrient digestibility of piglets
(单位/%) 处理 能量 干物质 粗蛋白质 粗纤维 钙 磷 A组CK) 78.28±5.93 a 82.61±3.87 a 80.67±2.96 a 59.75±3.27 a 61.83±3.92 a 63.28±2.81 a B组 82.91±4.29 b 85.91±5.19b 85.96±5.28 b 59.91±3.52 a 62.88±5.27 a 63.77±3.82 a C组 86.25±5.76 c 87.63±5.54 c 87.25±4.51 c 62.58±5.73 b 63.95±3.22 ab 65.22±3.17 b D组 85.81±3.91 b 88.39±2.84 c 88.72±5.74 c 63.37±3.89 b 62.75±0.21 a 65.38±5.25 b -
[1] 张军霞, 李祖栋.甘露寡糖对断奶八眉二元仔猪生长性能的影响[J].饲料工业, 2015, 39(10):41-43. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/silgy201510011 [2] 李玉欣.毕赤酵母甘露寡糖对猪生产性能和免疫性能的影响[D].北京: 中国农业大学, 2015. http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD-10019-1015584424.htm [3] 申俊华, 周安国, 王之盛, 等.包被氧化锌对断奶仔猪腹泻指数及肠道发育的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报, 2013, 44(6):894-900. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/xmsyxb201306010 [4] 彭点懿, 何健, 杨玉峰.氧化锌在断奶仔猪配合饲料中的应用及其抗腹泻的可能机制[J].中国畜牧杂志, 2011, 41(20):66-70. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=QK201103348065 [5] 李盼.中草药复合制剂对仔猪大肠杆菌性腹泻治疗效果研究[D].长春: 吉林农业大学.2015. http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD-10193-1015963757.htm [6] 成霞林, 龚泽修.中草药复合制剂对长白仔猪生长性能的影响[J].湖南畜牧兽医, 2014, 21(2):9-11. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-4907.2014.02.004 [7] 周盟, 张乃锋, 董晓丽, 等.益生菌对断奶仔猪生长性能、免疫器官指数及胃肠道pH的影响[J].动物营养学报, 2014, 26(2):445-452. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2014.02.021 [8] 史自涛, 姚焰础, 江山, 等.粪肠球菌替代抗生素对断奶仔猪生长性能、腹泻率、血液生化指标和免疫器官的影响[J].动物营养学报, 2015, 27(6):1832-1840. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/dwyyxb201506020 [9] 段小慧, 覃树林, 崔艳, 等.微生态制剂的应用现状及展望[J].生物产业技术, 2017(2):85-93. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0319.2017.02.011 [10] 李莉娜.微生态制剂在反刍动物营养与饲料中的应用[J].今日畜牧兽医, 2017(11):22-23. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-4092.2017.11.018 [11] 李永志.动物微生态制剂在养殖污染治理中的应用[J].中国畜牧业, 2017(21):56-57. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-2473.2017.21.018 [12] 朱向博, 张丽, 卫泽珍, 等.微生态制剂及其在动物生产上的应用研究[J].饲料广角, 2017(8):42-45. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-8358.2017.08.018 [13] 李泳宁, 薛克耐, 吴焜, 等.一种复合微生物发酵活性饲料的制备工艺: 中国, CN201110041959.6[P]. 2011-08-24. [14] 李泳宁, 朱宏阳, 吴焜, 等.一种微生物发酵饲料在断奶仔猪养殖上的应用[J].江苏农业科学, 2015, 43(5):206-208. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JSNY201505069.htm [15] 张丽英.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社, 2013. [16] 吴淑梅, 朱贻月.微生物发酵饲料在水产养殖中的应用[J].齐鲁渔业, 2015(2):38-38. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/kxyy201407042 [17] 杨军, 徐凯.微生物发酵饲料在畜禽养殖中的应用与发展前景[J].饲料博览, 2017(7):15-18. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-0084.2017.07.005 [18] 李涛, 曾东, 倪学勤, 等.乳酸杆菌发酵饲料对猪生长性能和肉质及血清抗氧化性能的影响[J].湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版), 2014, 40(2):192-195. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Conference/8442348 [19] 周映华, 胡新旭, 卞巧, 等.无抗发酵饲料对生长育肥猪生长性能、肠道菌群和养分表观消化率的影响[J].动物营养学报, 2015, 27(3):870-877. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2015.03.026 [20] 黄印尧, 纪思智, 连玉华, 等.酒糟益生菌发酵饲料和LHRH试剂对猪的去势、生长及猪肉品质的影响[J].福建畜牧兽医, 2013, 20(6):26-28. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-4331.2013.06.013