Factors Affecting Iron and Manganese Contents of Tea leaves and Plantation Soil in Central Fujian
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摘要: 通过实地调查,采集了闽中大田县25个茶园表层土壤、4个剖面土壤样品及相应的茶叶样品(一芽二叶),分析了茶园土壤和茶叶的铁锰含量、剖面分布特征及其影响因素,结果表明:大田县茶园土壤全铁、有效铁、全锰和有效锰含量均值分别为61.08 g·kg-1、144.42 mg·kg-1、258.97 mg·kg-1和33.72 mg·kg-1,全铁和有效铁含量丰富,而全锰和有效锰含量较低,约50%茶园土壤存在缺锰现象;茶园土壤全铁剖面分布不明显,但在20~40 cm土层出现富集现象;有效铁、全锰和有效锰含量随土层深度增加呈现下降趋势;土壤有机质、pH值、全磷和速效磷含量是影响茶园土壤全铁和有效铁含量的主要因素,土壤全锰和有效锰则与土壤有机质和pH值关系密切。茶叶中铁平均含量为164.52 mg·kg-1,锰平均含量为849.73 mg·kg-1,茶叶对锰的富集系数远高于铁;茶叶铁含量与土壤有效铁含量呈显著正相关;茶叶锰含量与土壤全锰和有效锰含量均呈显著正相关;茶叶对铁、锰的富集能力随着土壤铁、锰含量的升高而降低。Abstract: From a field survey at 25 plantations in Datian County, the iron and manganese contents in layers of soil and one-bud-2-leaves from the bushes grown on same sampling spots were determined. The distribution and factors affecting the variations on the mineral contents were analyzed.The average contents of total iron, available iron, total manganese and available manganese in the soil were 61.08 g·kg-1, 144.42 mg·kg-1, 258.97 mg·kg-1 and 33.72 mg·kg-1, respectively. The soil in the region were relatively rich in total and available iron, but low in those of total and available manganese.Nearly half of the soils sampled in the region was considered deficient in manganese. There was no significant difference in total iron in the 0-60 cm layer but richly accumulated in 20-40 cm.The available iron as well as the total and available manganese in soil decreased with depth below the surface.In the soil, the organic matters, pH, total and rapidly available phosphorus were important factors affecting the iron content; whereas, the total and available manganese closely related to the organic matters and pH. The average iron and manganese contents in the tea leaves were 164.52 mg·kg-1 and 849.73 mg·kg-1, respectively, and the accumulation coefficient of manganese was much higher than that of iron. The iron content in the tea leaves significantly correlated with the available iron in soil, while the manganese content with the total and available manganese in soil. The iron and manganese accumulation coefficient in the leaves decreased with increasing mineral contents inthe soil.
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表 1 试验地茶园基本情况
Table 1. Basic information on tea plantations
样点 海拔/m 茶树种植年限/a 经纬度 1 1140 15 25°37'N,117°53'E 2 1065 12 25°36'N,117°53'E 3 998 13 25°35'N,117°54'E 4 685 12 25°37'N,117°44'E 5 860 10 25°37'N,117°43'E 6 947 15 25°36'N,117°43'E 7 931 5 25°37'N,117°43'E 8 901 5 25°63'N,117°72'E 9 891 10 25°61'N,117°73'E 10 870 7 25°62'N,117°78'E 11 853 25 26°03'N,117°54'E 12 807 5 26°03'N,117°85'E 13 890 25 26°12'N,117°54'E 14 870 25 26°05'N,117°87'E 15 446 5 26°03'N,117°47'E 16 457 5 25°31'N,117°52'E 17 794 10 25°31'N,117°54'E 18 830 10 25°33'N,117°59'E 19 1006 6 25°32'N,117°58'E 20 854 5 25°60'N,118°02'E 21 931 6 25°37'N,117°43'E 22 314 20 25°63'N,117°79'E 23 783 15 25°67'N,117°73'E 24 490 20 25°44'N,117°31'E 25 1050 20 25°53'N,117°52'E 表 2 大田县茶园土壤铁锰与有效铁锰含量
Table 2. Contents of total and available Fe and Mn in plantation soil
项目 全铁/(g·kg-1) 有效铁/(mg·kg-1) 活化率/% 全锰/(mg·kg-1) 有效锰/(mg·kg-1) 活化率/% 范围 22.44~96.80 16.74~384.18 0.07~0.46 43.85~678.49 1.01~104.53 1.31~32.89 均值 61.08 144.42 0.23 258.97 33.72 12.01 标准差 18.79 85.33 0.10 142.37 27.87 7.74 变异系数 30.76 59.08 45.02 54.98 82.66 64.50 福建省土壤背景值[20] 42.7 - 280 - 样品超标率/% 88 48 有效铁锰缺乏临界[21, 8] 4.5 30 大于有效含量临界值的比例/% 100 48 表 3 茶园土壤铁锰及有效态含量剖面分布
Table 3. Vertical characteristics of total and available Fe/Mn in plantation soil
样点 土层/cm 全铁/(g·kg-1) 有效铁/(mg·kg-1) 全锰/(mg·kg-1) 有效锰/(mg·kg-1) 龙坑村 0~20 54.20a 237.18a 313.16a 37.21a 20~40 57.86a 180.58b 268.55b 23.03b 40~60 50.26b 169.14b 201.34c 21.68b 安和村 0~20 22.87a 19.72a 246.10a 15.81a 20~40 22.86a 16.66a 173.16b 9.96b 40~60 22.77a 18.69a 109.89c 11.72b 岬坪村 0~20 70.02a 329.33a 433.14a 28.77a 20~40 71.35a 219.41b 284.68b 18.29b 40~60 67.94a 188.18b 223.95c 14.20b 大石村 0~20 53.07a 204.77a 251.72a 22.23a 20~40 56.65a 176.37a 223.75ab 21.18a 40~60 55.83a 138.28b 209.32b 17.02b 表 4 茶园土壤铁锰含量与土壤理化性质之间的相关性
Table 4. Correlation coefficient between Fe/Mn contents and physicochemical properties of plantation soil
项目 pH 有机质 全氮 全磷 速效磷 海拔 种植年限 全铁 0.33* 0.26 -0.13 0.41* 0.49* 0.05 -0.26 有效铁 -0.51* 0.57* -0.12 0.37* 0.34* 0.01 -0.12 有效度 -0.18 0.15 -0.04 0.21 0.25* -0.1 0.02 全锰 0.50* 0.56* 0.12 0.19 0.10 0.17 0.01 有效锰 -0.53* 0.67** 0.16 0.10 0.12 0.01 0.05 有效度 -0.64** 0.10 0.15 -0.07 0.04 0.03 0.03 注:**表示极显著相关;*表示显著相关。表 6同。 表 6 茶叶中铁锰含量和富集系数与茶园土壤铁锰含量之间的相关性
Table 6. Correlation coefficient between Fe/Mn contents and accumulation coefficients in leaves and Fe/Mn contents in soil
项目 全铁 有效铁 全锰 有效锰 茶叶铁含量 0.23 0.52** -0.16 -0.15 铁富集系数(全量基) -0.55** -0.33 -0.15 -0.1 铁富集系数(有效基) -0.23 -0.49* -0.02 -0.17 茶叶锰含量 -0.09 -0.32 0.47* 0.70** 锰富集系数(全量基) -0.62** -0.10 -0.61** 0.05 锰富集系数(有效基) -0.21 -0.42* -0.14 -0.40* 表 5 大田县茶叶中铁锰含量
Table 5. Fe and Mn contents in tea leaves
项目 全铁/(g·kg-1) 富集系数(全量基) 富集系数(有效基) 全锰/(mg·kg-1) 富集系数(全量基) 富集系数(有效基) 范围 84.79~280.26 0.001~0.005 0.49~6.65 201.86~1863.37 0.74~20.29 9.93~534.84 均值 164.52 0.003 1.63 849.73 4.31 59.27 标准差 60.13 0.001 1.42 454.02 4.01 106.70 变异系数 36.55 40.67 87.08 53.43 93.10 180.02 -
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