Optimized Cultivation of Starch-rich Sweet Potato, Rongshu 819, on Hilly Land
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摘要: 以淀粉型甘薯品种榕薯819为试验材料，采用四元二次正交旋转回归组合设计方法，研究不同栽植密度和氮、磷、钾肥施用量对榕薯819鲜薯产量的影响，结果表明：4个因素对鲜薯产量作用大小顺序为钾肥用量>磷肥用量>栽植密度>氮肥用量；在试验条件下榕薯819的鲜薯产量达到37.500 t·hm-2以上的优化栽培措施为：栽植密度46 260~50 108株·hm-2，施肥量N 0.081~0.107 t·hm-2、P2O5 0.061~0.092 t·hm-2、K2O 0.303~0.329 t·hm-2。Abstract: Effects of transplanting density and applications of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers for the starch-rich sweet potato, Rongshu 819, on hilly land were studied for cultivation optimization. An orthogonal experiment by a quadratic, orthogonal and pivoting regression for 4 factors was conducted. The results showed that (1) the effects of 4 factors on the tuber yield were in the order of potassium > phosphorus > transplanting density > nitrogen; and (2) the highest yield of fresh sweet potatoes above 37.500 t·hm-2 could be achieved by using the transplanting density ranging 46 260-50 108 plants·hm-2 with the fertilization of pure nitrogen at a rate of 0.081-0.107 t·hm-2, P2O5 at 0.061-0.092 t·hm-2 and K2O at 0.303-0.329 t·hm-2.
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Key words:
- sweet potato /
- Rongshu 819 /
- hilly area /
- optimized cultivation
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表 1 因素设计水平及编码
Table 1. Design level and code of factors
变量 因素 间距 R=2变量设计水平及编码 -2 -1 0 1 2 x1 栽植密度/(株·hm-2) 7500 37500 45000 52500 60000 67500 x2 氮肥/(t·hm-2) 0.075 0 0.075 0.150 0.225 0.300 x3 磷肥/(t·hm-2) 0.060 0 0.060 0.120 0.180 0.240 x4 钾肥/(t·hm-2) 0.090 0 0.090 0.180 0.270 0.360 
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表 2 四元二次正交旋转组合设计及试验结果
Table 2. Design and results of orthogonal conic substitutions of 4 factors experiment
处理编号 编码值 产量/ (t·hm-2) x1 x2 x3 x4 1 1 1 1 1 34.011 2 1 1 1 -1 32.923 3 1 1 -1 1 35.576 4 1 1 -1 -1 33.781 5 1 -1 1 1 37.514 6 1 -1 1 -1 31.613 7 1 -1 -1 1 37.802 8 1 -1 -1 -1 32.401 9 -1 1 1 1 36.167 10 -1 1 1 -1 35.154 11 -1 1 -1 1 35.741 12 -1 1 -1 -1 38.002 13 -1 -1 1 1 35.878 14 -1 -1 1 -1 34.751 15 -1 -1 -1 1 36.949 16 -1 -1 -1 -1 31.787 17 -2 0 0 0 34.929 18 2 0 0 0 31.361 19 0 -2 0 0 32.941 20 0 2 0 0 31.022 21 0 0 -2 0 39.563 22 0 0 2 0 31.571 23 0 0 0 -2 32.648 24 0 0 0 2 38.469 25 0 0 0 0 35.401 26 0 0 0 0 36.601 27 0 0 0 0 35.732 28 0 0 0 0 33.647 29 0 0 0 0 36.289 30 0 0 0 0 35.522 31 0 0 0 0 37.43 32 0 0 0 0 35.831 33 0 0 0 0 36.858 34 0 0 0 0 38.189 35 0 0 0 0 33.972 36 0 0 0 0 35.774
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表 3 试验结果方差分析
Table 3. Variance analysis on test data
变异来源 平方和 自由度 均方 偏相关 F值 x1 10.592 1 10.592 -0.418 4.448* x2 0.058 1 0.058 -0.034 0.024 x3 16.687 1 16.687 -0.500 7.008* x4 39.701 1 39.701 0.665 16.673** x12 9.378 1 9.378 -0.397 3.938 x22 22.163 1 22.163 -0.554 9.308** x32 0.132 1 0.132 0.051 0.055 x42 0.123 1 0.123 0.050 0.052 x1x2 4.772 1 4.772 -0.295 2.004 x1x3 0.551 1 0.551 -0.104 0.232 x1x4 5.226 1 5.226 0.308 2.195 x2x3 2.004 1 2.004 -0.196 0.842 x2x4 15.912 1 15.912 -0.491 6.683* x3x4 0.059 1 0.059 -0.034 0.025 回归 127.358 14 9.097 F2=3.820** 剩余 50.004 21 2.381 失拟 31.646 10 3.165 F1=1.896 误差 18.358 11 1.669 总和 177.362 35
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表 4 单项试验因素不同水平产量效应值
Table 4. Estimated yields under varied test factors
水平 -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 x1 37.266 36.934 36.601 36.269 35.937 35.605 35.273 34.941 34.609 x2 32.608 34.065 35.105 35.729 35.937 35.729 35.105 34.065 32.608 x3 37.605 37.188 36.771 36.354 35.937 35.520 35.103 34.686 34.270 x4 33.365 34.008 34.651 35.294 35.937 36.580 37.223 37.866 38.509
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表 5 氮肥(x2)与钾肥(x4)的互作效应
Table 5. Interacting effects between nitrogen (x2) and potash (x4) fertilizers
x2 x4 -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 -2 34.025 33.671 33.317 32.962 32.608 32.254 31.900 31.546 31.192 -1.5 34.484 34.379 34.274 34.170 34.065 33.960 33.855 33.750 33.645 -1 34.527 34.672 34.816 34.961 35.105 35.249 35.394 35.538 35.683 -0.5 34.154 34.548 34.942 35.335 35.729 36.123 36.517 36.910 37.304 0 33.365 34.008 34.651 35.294 35.937 36.580 37.223 37.866 38.510 0.5 32.160 33.052 33.944 34.837 35.729 36.622 37.514 38.406 39.299 1 30.538 31.680 32.822 33.963 35.105 36.247 37.388 38.530 39.672 1.5 28.501 29.892 31.283 32.674 34.065 35.456 36.847 38.238 39.629 2 26.047 27.687 29.328 30.968 32.608 34.249 35.889 37.529 39.170
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表 6 鲜薯产量>37.500 t·hm-2的模拟方案
Table 6. Simulated scheme for yield of fresh sweet potatoes above 37.500 t·hm-2
项目 栽植密度 N P2O5 K2O 次数 频率 次数 频率 次数 频率 次数 频率 -2 36 0.340 26 0.245 40 0.377 1 0.009 -1 25 0.236 36 0.340 26 0.245 2 0.019 0 20 0.189 35 0.330 18 0.170 6 0.057 1 14 0.131 9 0.085 14 0.132 30 0.283 2 11 0.104 0 0.000 8 0.076 67 0.632 合计 106 1 106 1 106 1 106 1 xi -0.575 -0.745 -0.717 1.509 Sx 0.131 0.090 0.126 0.075 95%置信区间 -0.832~-0.319 -0.921~-0.570 -0.983~-0.471 1.363~1.656 农艺措施 46260~50108株·hm-2 0.081~0.107 t·hm-2 0.061~0.092 t·hm-2 0.303~0.329 t·hm-2
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