Phenotype and Interior of Endangered Species, Semilabeo obscurus
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摘要: 分析暗色唇鲮Semilabeo obscurus的表型性状空间结构及内部器官组成特征，为暗色唇鲮的快速分类鉴别和种质保护工作提供参考。采用鱼类传统形态学和现代框架特征研究方法，通过统计学及SPSS因子分析法解构其表型结构特点。结果表明：暗色唇鲮体长与全长、体高、头长、头高、头宽、尾柄长、尾柄高，头长与吻长、眼径、眼间距、尾柄长、尾柄高，尾柄长与尾柄高，头高与头宽以及21项框架距离与体长均呈线性相关关系。头高/头宽、尾柄长/尾柄高及尾鳍基部上端至臀鳍基部末端距离（D5-7）与体长性状关系相对稳定且线性回归相关性较强。主成分特征向量以D4-5（背鳍基部末端-尾鳍基部上端）、D4-6（背鳍基部末端-尾鳍基部下端）、D4-7（背鳍基部末端-臀鳍基部末端）、D3-8（背鳍起点-臀鳍起点）、D3-4（背鳍起点-背鳍基部末端）和D5-7（尾鳍基部上端-臀鳍基部末端）的载荷量绝对值最大，且均为正相关关系，集中反映鱼类尾柄部分的表型特征信息。表型结构性状多维分析结果提示，暗色唇鲮头高/头宽（0.91~0.95）、尾柄长/尾柄高（1.37~1.47）以及尾鳍基部上端至臀鳍基部末端距离与体长比（0.241 3~0.255 3）是代表暗色唇鲮表型结构特征的性状参数。暗色唇鲮内部组织器官组成及结构布局同一般鲤科鱼类相似，具有肠细长、膘较短小的特征，肠长指数14.15~15.76（15.14），非成熟期个体肠管占腹腔体积的80%以上，膘长度约为鱼体长的14%、腹腔长度的50%。暗色唇鲮的内外结构体现生物体对环境的适应性进化，具有较高研究价值。Abstract: Phenotype and interior of an endangered species, Semilabeo obscurus, were studied to establish a rapid identification and classification method to facilitate conservation of the germplasm. Traditional morphological and advanced methodologies were applied, and data subjected to statistics and SPSS factor analyses. Linear relationships were found between the body length and the total length, body height, head length, head height, head width, caudal length, orcaudal height, between the head length and the proboscis length, eye diameter, distance between eyes, caudal length, orcaudal height, between the caudal length and the caudal height, between the head height and the head width, as well as between the 21 frame distance and the body length of S. obscurus. Stable linear regression correlations existed between the body length and the head height/head width ratio, caudal length/caudal depth ratio or D5-7. The principal component feature vector had the greatest absolute value on the loads of D4-5, D4-6, D4-7, D3-8, D3-4 and D5-7, and they correlated. It reflected the characteristic phenotype of the tail section of the fish.Amultidimensional analysis on the phenotype suggested that the ratios of the head height/head width(0.91-0.95), caudal length/caudal height(1.37-1.47) and D5-7/body length(0.241 3-0.255 3) could be the key indicators for the properties. In general, the composition and structure of the internal organs of S. obscurus were similar to those of Cyprinidae, having long and thin intestines with short and small swim bladders and an intestinal index of 14.15-15.76 (averaging 15.14). The intestines occupied more than 80% of the abdominal cavity of animmature fish; and the length of the bladder, about 14% of the fish body length or 50% of the abdominal cavity length.The information obtained showed the evolution of S. obscurus as it adapted to the environmental changes.
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Key words:
- Semilabeo obscurus Lin /
- phenotype /
- internal structure
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图 1 鱼类框架结构测量
注：1为吻前端, 2为鳃盖前端上侧, 3为背鳍起点, 4为背鳍基部末端, 5为尾鳍基部上端, 6为尾鳍基部下端, 7为臀鳍基部末端, 8为臀鳍起点, 9为腹鳍起点, 10为胸鳍起点。
Figure 1. Schematicand measurements of interior S. obscurus
表 1 暗色唇鲮可量性状间的比值及其相关关系
Table 1. Ratios and correlations of measurablemorphological properties of S. obscurus
可量性状 比值(平均) 标准差 相关方程 R2 体长Sl/全长Tl 0.75~0.79(0.77) 0.0099 Tl=1.2750Sl+5.6414 0.9970 体长Sl /体高Bd 3.62~4.64(4.14) 0.3885 Bd=0.2457Sl-0.5363 0.8861 体长Sl /头长Hl 4.11~4.46(4.27) 0.0987 Hl=0.2254Sl+1.9099 0.9922 体长Sl /头高Hd 5.76~6.74(6.28) 0.3237 Hd=0.1619Sl-0.5022 0.9627 体长Sl /头宽Hw 5.50~6.20(5.81) 0.2269 Hw=0.1694Sl+0.5877 0.9802 体长Sl /尾柄长Cl 4.99~5.63 (5.33) 0.1865 Cl=0.1892Sl-0.7637 0.9863 体长Sl /尾柄高Cd 7.16~7.91(7.60) 0.2166 Cd=0.1348Sl-0.6647 0.9893 头长Hl/吻长Pl 1.77~1.91(1.83) 0.0451 Pl=0.5678Hl-1.0664 0.9933 头长Hl/眼径Ed 6.49~7.19(6.93) 0.2071 Ed=0.1366 Hl +0.3816 0.9933 头长Hl/眼间距Ei 1.79~2.30(2.05) 0.1881 Ei=0.5144Hl -1.1854 0.8989 头长Hl/尾柄长Cl 1.19~1.32(1.25) 0.0462 Cl=0.8351Hl -2.1524 0.9847 头长Hl/尾柄高Cd 1.70~1.93(1.78) 0.0650 Cd=0.5956Hl -1.6706 0.9887 尾柄长Cl/尾柄高Cd 1.37~1.47(1.43) 0.0291 Cd=0.7112 Cl -0.0537 0.9987 头高Hd /头宽Hw 0.91~0.95(0.93) 0.0171 Hw=1.0353Hd+1.5313 0.9962 
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表 2 暗色唇鲮框架数据与体长的比值及其相关关系
Table 2. Ratios and correlations between body length andmeasurements on frame of S. obscurus
表型框架因子 因子/体长(平均) 标准差 相关方程 R2 D1-2 0.2249~0.2570(0.2379) 0.0120 D1-2=0.2362Sl+0.2733 0.9674 D1-9 0.5121~0.5632(0.5363) 0.0162 D1-9=0.5302Sl+1.2362 0.9876 D1-10 0.2180~0.2365(0.2282) 0.0049 D1-10=0.2202Sl+1.7578 0.9930 D2-3 0.2334~0.2818(0.2534) 0.0176 D2-3=0.2512Sl+0.3859 0.9436 D2-8 0.5070~0.5415(0.5238) 0.0102 D2-8=0.5129Sl+2.3234 0.9941 D2-9 0.3103~0.3459(0.3265) 0.0118 D2-9=0.3260Sl+0.0302 0.9821 D2-10 0.1021~0.1253(0.1119) 0.0066 D2-10=0.1068Sl+1.0371 0.9631 D3-4 0.1479~0.1580(0.1533) 0.0033 D3-4=0.1518Sl+0.3477 0.9927 D3-7 0.4128~0.4449(0.4265) 0.0089 D3-7=0.4233Sl+0.6887 0.9928 D3-8 0.3445~0.3946(0.3680) 0.0175 D3-8=0.3677Sl-0.0575 0.9696 D3-9 0.2242~0.2837(0.2488) 0.0248 D3-9=0.2552Sl+1.5375 0.8900 D4-5 0.4033~0.4772(0.4353) 0.0263 D4-5=0.4370Sl-0.5010 0.9530 D4-6 0.4276~0.4830(0.4535) 0.0199 D4-6=0.4501Sl+0.5965 0.9749 D4-7 0.2786~0.3321(0.3014) 0.0204 D4-7=0.3079Sl-1.4927 0.9443 D4-8 0.2415~0.2824(0.2580) 0.0164 D4-8=0.2578Sl-0.0571 0.9531 D5-6 0.1386~0.1635(0.1490) 0.0091 D5-6=0.1479Sl+0.1965 0.9594 D5-7 0.2413~0.2553(0.2493) 0.0038 D5-7=0.2429Sl+1.3898 0.9958 D6-7 0.1663~0.2008(0.1800) 0.0141 D6-7=0.1838Sl-0.9206 0.9276 D7-8 0.0846~0.0937(0.0891) 0.0027 D7-8=0.0852Sl+0.8570 0.9876 D8-9 0.1859~0.2112(0.1960) 0.0071 D8-9=0.1971Sl-0.2516 0.9831 D9-10 0.2712~0.3312(0.2981) 0.0235 D9-10=0.3016Sl-0.9258 0.9231
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表 3 解释的总方差
Table 3. Total variance explained
成分 特征根 方差贡献率
/%累积贡献率
/%1 16.117 76.748 76.748 2 3.260 15.526 92.274 3 0.925 4.404 96.678 4 0.309 1.472 98.150 5 0.199 0.948 99.098 6 0.120 0.571 99.669 7 0.057 0.273 99.942 8 0.009 0.045 99.987 9 0.003 0.013 100.000
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表 4 性状相关矩阵的特征向量
Table 4. Correlation matrix on characteristic vectors of morphological characteristics
表型框架因子 成分矩阵 旋转成分矩阵 成分1 成分2 成分1 成分2 D1-2 0.979 -0.129 0.983 -0.090 D1-9 0.983 0.163 0.976 0.202 D1-10 -0.338 0.792 -0.369 0.777 D2-3 0.983 -0.136 0.987 -0.097 D2-8 0.861 0.438 0.842 0.472 D2-9 0.991 0.075 0.988 0.115 D2-10 0.930 -0.120 0.934 -0.083 D3-4 -0.047 0.897 -0.083 0.894 D3-7 0.878 0.427 0.860 0.462 D3-8 0.994 0.000 0.993 0.040 D3-9 0.979 -0.197 0.986 -0.157 D4-5 0.992 -0.049 0.994 -0.009 D4-6 0.996 -0.009 0.995 0.031 D4-7 0.990 -0.076 0.992 -0.036 D4-8 0.982 -0.148 0.987 -0.108 D5-6 0.951 -0.190 0.957 -0.152 D5-7 0.455 0.853 0.421 0.871 D6-7 0.978 -0.184 0.984 -0.145 D7-8 -0.005 0.632 -0.030 0.631 D8-9 0.915 0.299 0.902 0.335 D9-10 0.989 -0.135 0.994 -0.096
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