Microbiota and Effect of Fermented Red Elephant Grass Juice on Quality and Shelf Life of Fungus Chaff Silage
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摘要: 为探索菌糠有效的保存方法,采用红象草绿汁发酵液为添加剂进行青贮,研究红象草绿汁发酵液微生物组成及其对菌糠青贮饲料发酵品质的影响,并确定菌糠的最佳青贮时间。试验设2%红象草绿汁发酵液组和对照组(等量蒸馏水)。样品采用青贮袋抽真空密封贮存,放置室温,在发酵第1、3、7、15、30和60 d开封,测定不同发酵时间菌糠青贮料的发酵品质。每个处理设5个重复。结果表明,红象草绿汁发酵液微生物含量丰富,分布于7个属,其中乳球菌属Lactococcus为优势菌属,占70%左右;优势乳酸菌种为明串珠菌Leuconostoe mesenteroides,占75%左右。添加红象草绿汁发酵液处理显著(P < 0.05)提高了菌糠青贮饲料的发酵品质,最佳的开封时间是15 d。在发酵30 d后,不良发酵产物显著(P < 0.05)升高,不利于菌糠饲料的继续保存。Abstract: To improve the quality and shelf life of fungus chaff for silage, the microbiota and the effect of the addition of a fermented red elephant grass juice (FREGJ) were studied. Fungus chaff leftover from mushroom cultivation was incorporated with 2% FREGJ or distilled water (CK), vacuum packed in pouches with 5 replicates, and stored at room temperature for 1, 3, 7, 15, 30 and 60 days prior to testing. The 7 genera richly existed in the chaff-FREGJ mixture were dominated by Lactococcus genera, accounting for about 70% of the total microbial count, of which 75% were Leuconostoe mesenteroides. Quality of the fungus chaff was significantly improved by the addition of FREGJ with 15 d of fermentation (P < 0.05). However, after 30 d, undesirable microbes and harmful products significantly increased that could cause spoilage and shortened shelf life of the silage(P < 0.05).
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Key words:
- fungus chaff /
- fermented grass juice /
- red elephant grass /
- silage quality /
- fermentation time
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表 1 菌糠的特性
Table 1. Properties of fungus chaff
项目 菌糠 化学成分 干物质/% 34.55 pH值 5.42 缓冲能/(mE·kg-1) 50.24 可溶性碳水化合物/% 1.56 粗蛋白/% 8.13 有机物/% 88.75 粗脂肪/% 3.14 中性洗涤纤维/% 63.92 酸性洗涤纤维/% 48.76 半纤维素/% 15.16 微生物组成 乳酸菌/(lg cfu·g-1) 2.23 好气性细菌/(lg cfu·g-1) 4.98 酵母菌/(lg cfu·g-1) 2.35 霉菌/(lg cfu·g-1) 1.23 表 2 菌糠的氨基酸组成
Table 2. Amino acid composition of fungus chaff
项目 菌糠/% 天冬氨酸 0.20 苏氨酸 0.13 丝氨酸 0.17 谷氨酸 0.45 甘氨酸 0.18 丙氨酸 0.16 半胱氨酸 0.02 缬氨酸 0.11 蛋氨酸 0.01 异亮氨酸 0.07 亮氨酸 0.13 酪氨酸 0.05 苯丙氨酸 0.12 组氨酸 0.10 赖氨酸 0.08 精氨酸 0.15 脯氨酸 0.13 总量 2.27 表 3 红象草绿汁发酵液对菌糠青贮发酵品质的影响
Table 3. Effect of FREGJ on quality of fungus chaff silage
发酵时间/d 处理 干物质/% 氨态氮/% pH/% 乳酸/% 乙酸/% 丙酸/% 丁酸/% 1 CK 32.92±0.89 0.15±0.00 4.99±0.01a 0.07±0.01b 0.03±0.01 0.02±0.02 0.01±0.01 REGPFJ 32.48±0.42 0.15±0.01C 4.61±0.03bA 0.25±0.03aF 0.04±0.01B 0.01±0.00C 0.00±0.00B 3 CK 32.85±0.25 0.15±0.01 4.82±0.01a 0.12±0.02b 0.04±0.01 0.01±0.01 0.01±0.02 REGPFJ 33.34±1.92 0.15±0.01C 4.54±0.01bAB 0.28±0.01aDE 0.06±0.00B 0.02±0.01BC 0.00±0.00B 7 CK 31.85±0.36 0.16±0.01 4.65±0.02a 0.28±0.01b 0.07±0.00 0.03±0.01 0.01±0.01 REGPFJ 31.70±0.27 0.17±0.01AB 4.37±0.01bCD 0.48±0.05aD 0.08±0.03B 0.03±0.01BC 0.01±0.01B 15 CK 32.36±0.33 0.18±0.02 4.57±0.04a 0.38±0.02b 0.10±0.01 0.04±0.00 0.01±0.01 REGPFJ 31.86±0.23 0.17±0.01AB 4.31±0.01bD 0.61±0.07aC 0.09±0.06B 0.04±0.02BC 0.01±0.00B 30 CK 32.87±0.17 0.17±0.02 4.56±0.02a 0.52±0.06b 0.33±0.01 0.19±0.06 0.04±0.02 REGPFJ 32.68±0.10 0.16±0.01BC 4.31±0.01bD 1.71±0.11aA 0.33±0.02A 0.06±0.05B 0.11±0.10A 60 CK 32.59±0.27 0.20±0.03 4.53±0.04a 0.78±0.08b 0.39±0.03 0.21±0.02 0.06±0.03 REGPFJ 32.17±0.25 0.19±0.01A 4.36±0.06bCD 1.38±0.09aB 0.40±0.07A 0.13±0.02A 0.02±0.03B 注:REGPFJ:红象草绿汁发酵液;同列数据后不同大写字母表示同一处理不同发酵时间之间差异显著(P<0.05),同列数据后不同小写字母表示同一发酵时间不同处理之间差异显著(P<0.05)。 -
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