Effect of Drought Stress on Physiology of Camellia nitidissima Saplings
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摘要: 以盆栽控水法对3年生金花茶幼树进行干旱胁迫，研究金花茶幼树各项生理指标的变化，结果表明：（1）轻度干旱胁迫即能引起金花茶叶片净光合速率（Pn）的下降，但土壤相对含水量降至20%并时未对3年生金花茶幼树成熟功能叶的光合系统造成不可逆的损伤；（2）轻、中度胁迫下，3年生金花茶幼树叶片相对含水量（LRWC）仅小幅降低，丙二醛（MDA）、叶绿素（Chl）、叶绿素a/b（Chl a/b）、可溶性糖（SS）含量和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性与CK相比无显著差异，过氧化物酶（POD）活性在中度胁迫时较CK显著提高，类胡萝卜素（Car）含量在轻度胁迫15 d时较CK显著提高，脯氨酸（Pro）含量在胁迫初期较CK显著提高，可溶性蛋白（SP）在轻度胁迫15 d时较CK显著提高；（3）重度胁迫下，3年生金花茶幼树叶片除Car以外的各项生理指标均较CK有显著变化。说明轻、中度干旱（土壤相对含水量40%~65%）对金花茶幼树成熟叶的生理影响较小，重度干旱（土壤相对含水量20%~25%）对金花茶幼树成熟叶的各项生理指标影响较大。因此，在金花茶幼树栽培中应制定合理的水分管理措施，当土壤相对含水量低于25%时应及时补充水分，避免持续重度干旱造成严重影响。Abstract: Potted 3-year-old saplings of Camellia nitidissima Chi were grown under drought stress to monitor the physiological responses of the plants. The results showed that (1)mild drought could lower the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), but a relative water content in soil as low as 20% would not irreversibly damage the photosynthetic function of a 3-year-old C. nitidissima; (2) under a mild or moderate drought condition, the leaf relative water content (LRWC) of the saplings would decline slightly, while the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), chlorophyll (chl)and soluble sugars (SS) as well as the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) would not differ significantly from those of CK; (3) under moderate stress, the peroxidase (POD) activity, carotenoid (Car) content after 15 d of exposure, proline (Pro) at beginning, andsoluble protein (SP) after 15 d were all significantly elevated as compared to CK; and under severe drought, all physiological indicators except Car content were altered significantly. It appeared that mild or moderate drought (when the soil relative water content was reduced to 65% or 40%) indeed affected the physiology of the saplings, but only severe drought (when the soil relative water content became as low as 20%-25%) would permanently change it. Therefore, whenever the water level in soilwas below 25%, appropriate water management and timelywatering could sufficiently avert any serious damages that might incur to the saplings by draught.
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Key words:
- Camellia nitidissima Chi /
- saplings /
- drought stress /
- physiology
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图 3 干旱胁迫下金花茶幼树叶片MDA含量
Figure 3. MDA contents in leaves of C. nitidissima saplings under drought stress
图 4 干旱胁迫下金花茶幼树叶片SOD、POD酶活力
Figure 4. Activities of SOD and POD in leaves of C. nitidissima saplings under drought stress
图 5 干旱胁迫下金花茶幼树叶片Pro、SP和SS含量
Figure 5. Pro, SPand SS contents in leaves of C. nitidissima saplings under drought stress
表 1 干旱胁迫下金花茶幼树光合色素含量
Table 1. Chlorophyll content of C. nitidissima saplings under drought stress
处理 胁迫1 d 胁迫15 d 叶绿素总量/(mg·L-1) 类胡萝卜素/(mg·L-1) 叶绿素a/叶绿素b 叶绿素总量/(mg·L-1) 类胡萝卜素/(mg·L-1) 叶绿素a/叶绿素b CK 3.59±0.35 b 0.35±0.01 a 1.95±0.09 a 3.40±0.26 b 0.37±0.02 b 2.12±0.04 a T1 3.47±0.07 b 0.36±0.01 a 2.05±0.02 a 3.67±0.18 b 0.41±0.01 a 1.97±0.07 a T2 3.40±0.15 b 0.35±0.01 a 2.09±0.05 a 3.74±0.03 b 0.39±0.01 ab 2.02±0.02 a T3 3.84±0.17 a 0.37±0.02 a 1.88±0.04 b 4.45±0.23 a 0.37±0.02 b 1.67±0.14 b 注：同列数据后不同小写字母表示差异显著(P＜0.05)。 
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