Effects of Planting and Fertilization on Essential Oil Content and Yield of Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt
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摘要: 为建立合理的紫苏栽培技术,采用田间随机区组设计,设置30 cm×20 cm、25 cm×20 cm、20 cm×20 cm等3个不同种植密度,设置有机肥、复合肥、混合肥(有机肥+复合肥)3种施肥方式以及移栽、直播2种种植方式,探讨不同栽培方式对紫苏精油含量和产量的影响。结果表明,种植密度、施肥与种植方式显著影响紫苏地上部生物量,以高密度复合肥直播的紫苏生物量最高,为12 056 kg·hm-2;密度、施肥、种植方式显著影响紫苏精油含量,以低密度施用复合肥直播的紫苏精油含量最高,达0.417%;紫苏精油产量受施肥、种植方式影响,但在不同种植密度间无显著差异,以低密度混合施肥直播的紫苏精油产量最高,达41.0 kg·hm-2。因此,低密度、混合施肥、直播有利于紫苏精油高产。Abstract: To optimize Perilla frutescens cultivation, field experiments with a randomized block design were conducted. Effects of row spacing, fertilization and planting by transplantation or seeding on the content and yield of essential oil of the plants were investigated. The rows were spaced 30 cm×20 cm, 25 cm×20 cm or 20 cm×20 cm. An organic fertilizer, a compound chemical fertilizer and a mixture of the two fertilizers was applied. And, either transplanting the seedlings or direct seeding to begin the plant cultivation was implemented. The results showed that planting density, fertilization and transplanting or seeding significantly affected the biomass of upper part of the plants. The highest biomass yield of 12 056 kg·hm-2 was obtained under the combined conditions of high-density planting, chemical fertilization and direct seeding. On the other hand, the greatest content of essential oil in the plants, up to 0.417%, existed with low-density planting. The oil yield was significantly affected by fertilization showing a maximum at 41.0 kg·hm-2, but it did not differ significantly by the varied planting densities.
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Key words:
- Perilla frutescens (L.) /
- planting density /
- fertilization /
- essential oil /
- yield
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表 1 田间栽培紫苏试验设计
Table 1. Design of field experiment for P. frutescens cultivation
因素 水平1 水平2 水平3 密度D 30 cm×20 cm 25 cm×20 cm 20 cm×20 cm 施肥方式F 有机肥:基肥75 kg·hm-2,追肥75 kg·hm-2 45%复合肥:基肥30 kg·hm-2,追肥30 kg·hm-2 有机肥37.5 kg·hm-2 + 45%复合肥15 kg·hm-2:基肥,追肥45%复合肥15 kg·hm-2 +有机肥37.5 kg·hm-2 种植方式P 育苗移栽(TP) 种子直播(DS) 表 2 紫苏地上部生物量、精油含量、精油产量方差分析
Table 2. Analysis of variance on biomass of plant upper part, and essential oil content and yield of P. frutescens
来源 自由度 P值 生物量 精油含量 精油产量 D 2 0.000 0.000 0.073 F 2 0.000 0.000 0.000 P 1 0.000 0.012 0.000 D×F 4 0.000 0.000 0.000 D×P 2 0.000 0.001 0.000 F×P 2 0.000 0.010 0.000 D×F×P 4 0.000 0.247 0.000 表 3 不同处理紫苏的地上部生物量
Table 3. Biomasses of upper part of P. frutescens plants under various treatments
处理 生物量/(kg·hm-2) D1F1P1 5554.8±394.9i D1F1P2 6967.2±507.2gh D1F2P1 5676.3±405.6i D1F2P2 7563.5±554.3fg D1F3P1 5488.1±389.5i D1F3P2 10260.2±768.5bc D2F1P1 8416.2±612.5ef D2F1P2 6005.0±423.5hi D2F2P1 9974.3±736.5cd D2F2P2 8933.7±653.7de D2F3P1 7758.7±561.6fg D2F3P2 11220.4±835.9ab D3F1P1 9261.0±665.0cde D3F1P2 9964.9±722.6d D3F2P1 8307.3±591.2ef D3F2P2 12055.6±887.6a D3F3P1 9969.0±722.6cd D3F3P2 9877.4±714.4cd 注:不同小写字母代表地上部生物量在不同处理间差异显著性(P < 0.05)。表 4、5同。 表 4 不同处理紫苏的精油含量
Table 4. Contents of essential oil in P. frutescens under various treatments
处理 含量/% D1F1P1 0.333±0.023c D1F1P2 0.333±0.023c D1F2P1 0.375±0.022b D1F2P2 0.417±0.022a D1F3P1 0.387±0.021ab D1F3P2 0.400±0.021ab D2F1P1 0.167±0.028e D2F1P2 0.145±0.029e D2F2P1 0.333±0.023c D2F2P2 0.333±0.023c D2F3P1 0.375±0.022b D2F3P2 0.333±0.023c D3F1P1 0.333±0.023c D3F1P2 0.233±0.026d D3F2P1 0.229±0.026d D3F2P2 0.217±0.026d D3F3P1 0.333±0.023c D3F3P2 0.300±0.024c 表 5 不同处理紫苏的精油产量
Table 5. Yields of essential oil from P. frutescens under various treatments
处理 产量/(kg·hm-2) D1F1P1 18.5±1.3h D1F1P2 23.2±1.6fg D1F2P1 21.3±1.4gh D1F2P2 31.5±1.9cd D1F3P1 21.2±1.4gh D1F3P2 41.0±2.5a D2F1P1 14.0±2.1i D2F1P2 8.7±1.6j D2F2P1 33.2±2.3c D2F2P2 29.7±2.1d D2F3P1 29.1±1.9de D2F3P2 37.3±2.6b D3F1P1 30.8±2.1cd D3F1P2 23.2±2.3fg D3F2P1 19.0±2.0h D3F2P2 26.1±2.7ef D3F3P1 33.1±2.3c D3F3P2 29.6±2.3d -
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