Quantitative Variations on Floral Organs of Oriental Lily
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摘要: 对日光温室内3个东方百合品种的花器官数量变异进行分析，结果表明：3个品种的变异类型达58种，但品种间共有的变异类型较少；正常花被片出现的数目为2～8枚，其中‘Sorbonne’品种正常花被片数目种类最多；‘Sorbonne’和‘Fastrada’主要向花药减少的方向变异；从变异小花中可以看到花药瓣化的渐变性；‘Fastrada’主要的变异以花被片增加为主；在所有花被片与雄蕊数目出现的频次中，‘Siberia’出现的类型最多，且有一半以上的花被片与雄蕊数目以增加为主。丰富的变异，虽然影响了花的质量，但为百合育种及花器官研究提供材料和理论基础。Abstract: The quantitative variations on floral organs from 3 varieties of Oriental Lily planted in a greenhouse were observed for comparison. There was a total of 58 variations found, but few was common among the 3 varieties of the flowering plants. The tepals normally numbered between 2 and 8, and Sorbonne tended to have the highest count. On Sorbonne and Fastrada, the gradual changes on the number of stamen-petaloid were mainly observed on the reduction of anthers, which could be seen from the variation on the floret count. The variation on Fastrada mainly showed in the increased number of tepals. On tepal and stamen, Siberia had the highest frequencies of a same count, and more than half of them were on an increasing trend. The large variations meant an inconsistency on the floral quality. But, at the same time, they also provided abundant choices for breeding and studies on the lilies.
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Key words:
- quantitative variation /
- stamen-petaloid /
- tepal /
- stamen
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图 1 东方百合中花被片、雄蕊数目的变异
注：A为‘Sorbonne’品种的花被片数目为2枚，雄蕊为4枚，花药瓣化1枚；B为‘Siberia’品种的花被片数目为3枚，雄蕊为4枚，花药瓣化1枚；C为‘Siberia’品种的花被片数目为4枚，雄蕊为5枚；D为‘Siberia’品种的花被片数目为5枚，雄蕊为8枚；E为‘Siberia’品种的花被片数目为6枚，雄蕊为7枚，花药瓣化1枚；F为‘Siberia’品种的花被片数目为7枚，雄蕊为7枚；G为‘Siberia’品种的花被片数目为8枚，雄蕊为8枚；H为‘Sorbonne’品种的花被片数目为6枚，雄蕊为2枚；I为‘Sorbonne’品种的花被片数目为4枚，雄蕊为3枚，花药瓣化1枚；J为‘Siberia’品种的花被片数目为6枚，雄蕊为4枚；K为‘Siberia’品种的花被片数目为5枚，雄蕊为6枚，花药瓣化1枚；L为‘Siberia’品种的正常花被片数目为5枚，雄蕊为6枚，花药瓣化1枚；M为‘Siberia’的花被片数目为8枚，雄蕊为7枚；N为‘Siberia’品种的花被片数目为7枚，雄蕊为8枚，花药瓣化2枚；O为‘Siberia’品种的花被片数目为8枚，雄蕊为9枚，花药瓣化1枚；P为‘Sorbonne’品种的正常小花中花被片数目为6枚，雄蕊为6枚；Q为‘Siberia’品种的花被片数目为6枚，雄蕊为2枚，花药瓣化1枚。
Figure 1. Variations on stamen and tepal counts of Oriental Lily flowers
图 2 百合小花中雄蕊瓣化程度、子房、花二次发育等变异
注：A为‘Fastrada’变异小花中花药瓣化1枚；B为‘Fastrada’变异小花中花药瓣化2枚；C为‘Fastrada’变异小花中花药瓣化3枚；D为‘Siberia’变异小花中花药瓣化4枚；E为正常花药；F～J为不同程度的花药瓣化；K为1个花药着生2个花丝；L为1个花丝着生2个花药；M为雌蕊上着生化药；N为柱头分成2列；O为柱头分成3列；P为单朵小花中着生2个雌蕊；Q为‘Siberia’品种花茎上的叶瓣化；R为花被片褶皱面积加大；S为雄蕊2次发育；T为雄、雌蕊二次发育。
Figure 2. Variations on stamen-petaloid degree, ovary and secondary development of Oriental Lily flowers
表 1 变异小花中总体变异情况
Table 1. Variations on floret count
品种 变异类型 1个品种特有的变异类型 2个品种间共有的变异类型 3个品种间共有的变异类型 植株变异率/% Siberia 39 27 10 2 13.4 Sorbonne 18 9 7 2 8.1 Fastrada 15 10 3 2 16.3 
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表 2 单朵变异小花中正常花被片数目的出现频次
Table 2. Frequency of normal tepal count shown as variation on single flower
(单位/%) 品种 正常花被片数目 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Siberia 0 2.1 7.3 25.3 24.2 21.1 20 Sorbonne 1.4 1.4 9.6 79.5 5.5 0 2.7 Fastrada 0 0 3.2 9.7 80.6 3.2 3.2 注：①正常花被片数目：单朵变异小花中非雄蕊瓣化的花被片数目；②正常花被片数目出现的频次：正常花被片数目的变异小花出现的次数/所有变异小花出现的次数。
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表 3 单朵变异小花中正常雄蕊数目出现的频次
Table 3. Frequency on normal stamen count shown as variation on single flower
(单位/%) 品种 正常花被片数目 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Siberia 1.1 1.1 12.6 26.3 24.2 16.8 16.8 1.1 Sorbonne 2.7 1.4 6.8 86.3 0 1.4 0 1.4 Fastrada 3.2 25.8 22.6 38.7 9.7 0 0 0 ①正常花药数目：单朵变异小花中非雄蕊瓣化的花药数目；②正常花药数目出现的频次：正常花药片数目的变异小花出现的次数/所有变异小花出现的次数。
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表 4 单朵变异小花中雄蕊瓣化数目出现的频次
Table 4. Frequency on number of stamen-petaloid segments shown as variation on single flower
(单位/%) 品种 花药瓣化数目 0 1 2 3 4 Siberia 52.6 43.1 3.2 0 1.1 Sorbonne 11 83.4 4.1 0 1.4 Fastrada 6.5 41.9 38.7 12.9 0 注：花药瓣化数目出现的频次：花药瓣化数目的变异小花出现的次数/所有变异小花出现的次数。
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表 5 变异小花中所有各类型花被片不同数目出现的频次
Table 5. Frequency on counts of various tepals shown as variation on single flower
(单位/%) 品种 花药瓣化数目 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Siberia 0 3.2 15.8 25.3 26.3 24.2 4.2 1.1 Sorbonne 2.7 5.5 8.2 75.3 5.5 0 1.4 1.4 Fastrada 0 0 6.5 6.5 38.7 29.0 16.1 3.2 注：①各类型花被片:单朵变异小花中正常花被片的数目与雄蕊瓣化数目之和；②各类型花被片数目出现的频次：所有花被片数目的变异小花/所有变异小花。
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表 6 变异小花中各类型雄蕊不同数目出现的频次
Table 6. Frequency on stamen count shown as variation on single flower
(单位/%) 品种 花药瓣化数目 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Siberia 0 1.1 2.1 15.8 34.7 25.3 18.9 0 2.1 Sorbonne 1.4 0 6.8 5.5 83.6 0 1.4 0 1.4 Fastrada 0 0 0 25.8 64.5 9.7 0 0 0 注：①各类型雄蕊:单朵变异小花中正常雄蕊的数目与雄蕊瓣化数目之和；②各类型花被片数目出现的频次：所有花被片数目的变异小花/所有变异小花。
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表 7 变异花器中花被片与雄蕊数目出现的频次
Table 7. Frequency on stamen and tepal counts shown as variation on single flower
(单位/%) 品种 花药瓣化数目 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Siberia 0 2.1 4.2 10.5 14.7 17.9 17.9 12.6 5.3 12.6 1.1 1.1 Sorbonne 1.4 8.2 4.1 5.5 75.3 2.7 0 0 5.3 12.6 1.1 1.1 Fastrada 0 0 3.2 3.2 16.1 67.8 9.7 0 0 0 0 0 注：花被片与雄蕊数目出现的频次：花被片雄与蕊数目的变异小花/所有变异小花。
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