Effect of Formulated Fertilization on Growth and Productivity of Coix in Xingren County
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摘要: 以贵州兴仁普遍种植的白壳薏苡为材料，通过“3414”回归最优设计试验，探讨不同配方施肥对薏苡农艺性状、干物质积累、养分积累、产量及产量性状的影响。结果表明：与对照（处理1：不施肥处理）相比，薏苡各配方施肥处理的产量均有所提高，处理14（N:P2O5:K2O=20:5:7.5）的产量最高；14个处理中以处理5（N:P2O5:K2O=20:5:15）、处理9（N:P2O5:K2O=20:10:7.5）的农艺性状表现较好，N:P2O5:K2O=20:5:15处理对薏苡干物质和养分积累影响显著；用二次回归分析得出，每667 m2最佳氮、磷、钾施肥量分别为N：16.45 kg、P2O5：9.53 kg、K2O：14.49 kg，可作为兴仁地区薏苡高产优质的推荐施肥。Abstract: Effects of varied fertilizations on agronomic characteristics, dry matter accumulation, nutritional content, productivity and yield traits of coix in Xingren county, Guizhou was studied using a "3414" regression design. The results showed that the yield of coix were improved by the formulated N-P-K fertilizations as compared with CK (Treatment 1). The agronomic properties of the coix under the 20-5-15 and 20-10-7.5 formulations were better than the other 12 treatments. Among all treatments, the 20-5-7.5 formulation rendered the greatest yield, while the 20-5-15 exhibited the most significant effect on the accumulations of dry matters and nutrients. Based on a quadratic regression analysis, the fertilization with 16.45 kg N/667 m2, 9.53 kg P2O5/667 m2 and 14.49 kg K2O/667 m2 was recommended for coix cultivation in Xingren county.
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Key words:
- coix /
- formulated fertilization /
- yield /
- regression analysis
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图 1 氮磷钾肥的一元二次回归效果
注: A为氮肥效应，B为磷肥效应，C为钾肥效应。
Figure 1. Quadratic regression on NPK fertilizations
表 1 各处理的施肥水平
Table 1. Varied NPK formulations for fertilization treatments
处理 各养分水平组合 每667 m2纯养分施用量/kg N P2O5 K2O 1 N0P0K0 0 0 0 2 N0P2K2 0 10 15 3 N1P2K2 10 10 15 4 N2P0K2 20 0 15 5 N2P1K2 20 5 15 6 N2P2K2 20 10 15 7 N2P3K2 20 15 15 8 N2P2K0 20 10 0 9 N2P2K1 20 10 7.5 10 N2P2K3 20 10 22.5 11 N3P2K2 30 10 15 12 N1P1K2 10 5 15 13 N1P2K1 10 10 7.5 14 N2P1K1 20 5 7.5 注:处理1为不施肥对照处理(CK)。 
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表 2 不同配方施肥对薏苡株高和茎粗的影响
Table 2. Effect of formulated fertilizations on height and stem girth of coix plants
处理 拔节期 孕穗期 株高/cm 茎粗/mm 株高/cm 茎粗/mm N0P0K0 93.67bA 8.66bB 174.37cB 8.50cB N0P2K2 122.17abA 9.98abAB 198.22abcAB 12.50abcAB N1P2K2 132.17abA 9.86abAB 209.19abAB 10.50bcAB N2P0K2 140.50aA 10.26aAB 208.99abAB 14.00abAB N2P1K2 135.00abA 10.62aAB 219.68aA 16.00aA N2P2K2 129.67abA 9.71abAB 200.30abcAB 9.50bcAB N2P3K2 117.34abA 10.57aAB 200.22abcAB 12.00abcAB N2P2K0 105.67abA 9.38abAB 186.60bcAB 11.50abcAB N2P2K1 141.50aA 10.24aAB 217.15aA 14.00abAB N2P2K3 122.84abA 10.03abAB 207.37abAB 12.00abcAB N3P2K2 114.17abA 10.39aAB 207.48abAB 13.00abcAB N1P1K2 132.17abA 9.88abAB 210.83abA 13.50abAB N1P2K1 129.50abA 10.74aA 209.85abAB 11.00bcAB N2P1K1 140.84aA 10.09aAB 198.88abcAB 11.00bcAB 注:同列数据后不同大、小写字母表示差异达极显著(P < 0.01)或显著(P < 0.05)水平。表 3～5同。
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表 3 各处理薏苡的每株籽粒、叶片及茎鞘干重
Table 3. Dry leaf and stem weights and grain counts of individual coix plants under varied treatments
[单位/(g·株-1)] 处理 茎鞘 叶片 籽粒 总重 N0P0K0 145aA 30bA 120bA 295bA N0P2K2 210aA 65abA 160abA 435abA N1P2K2 225aA 50abA 185abA 460abA N2P0K2 285aA 85aA 180abA 550aA N2P1K2 225aA 55abA 150abA 430abA N2P2K2 225aA 80aA 145abA 450abA N2P3K2 215aA 65abA 145abA 425abA N2P2K0 185aA 45abA 110bA 340abA N2P2K1 220aA 80aA 170abA 470abA N2P2K3 190aA 75abA 200aA 465abA N3P2K2 235aA 70abA 170abA 475abA N1P1K2 190aA 60abA 120bA 370abA N1P2K1 230aA 70abA 140abA 430abA N2P1K1 250aA 65abA 200aA 515aA
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表 4 不同配方施肥对薏苡氮、磷、钾积累的影响
Table 4. Effects of formulated fertilizations on NPK accumulations in coix plants
[单位/(mg·株-1)] 处理 氮素积累 磷素积累 钾素积累 籽粒 茎鞘 叶 全株 籽粒 茎鞘 叶 全株 籽粒 茎鞘 叶 全株 N0P0K0 139.24dC 80.95bA 35.68bA 255.87dC 17.57cC 22.90aA 4.16bA 44.63bcAB 27.22cBC 53.67aA 10.73aA 91.62bB N0P2K2 210.93bcdABC 100.25abA 61.08abA 372.25bcdABC 27.28abABC 25.11aA 7.28abA 59.66abAB 36.55abcABC 77.15abAB 12.51aA 126.21bA N1P2K2 247.75abcABC 110.68abA 68.76abA 427.19abcABC 29.46abABC 19.86aA 6.04abA 55.36abcAB 42.21abABC 114.45abAB 17.31aA 173.97abAB N2P0K2 275.09abcAB 206.25aA 106.85aA 588.17aA 31.01abABC 27.22aA 10.82aA 69.04aA 42.25abABC 157.39aA 25.23aA 224.87aA N2P1K2 204.2cdABC 127.03abA 73.82abA 405.05bcdABC 22.64bcABC 19.35aA 7.07abA 49.06abcAB 31.50bcABC 93.15abAB 16.47aA 141.12abAB N2P2K2 239.62abcABC 147.25abA 109.43aA 496.3abcAB 24.64bcABC 18.56aA 9.48aA 52.66abcAB 31.60bcABC 84.25abAB 23.49aA 139.32abAB N2P3K2 200.03cdABC 146.86abA 61.68abA 408.57bcdABC 21.79bcABC 15.57aA 6.80abA 44.15bcAB 31.62bcABC 78.34abAB 16.29aA 126.25bA N2P2K0 182.80cdBC 109.51abA 66.03abA 358.33cdBC 18.99bcC 13.26aA 5.69abA 37.93cB 25.35cC 88.53abAB 12.84aA 126.72bA N2P2K1 269.52abcABC 96.59abA 107.21aA 473.33abcABC 26.79abABC 12.94aA 8.51abA 48.23abcAB 36.33abcABC 67.27abAB 17.4aA 121.00bA N2P2K3 304.03abAB 119.7abA 101.5aA 525.23abAB 40.04aA 15.34aA 8.97abA 64.36abAB 48.36aA 58.49bA 26.21aA 133.05abAB N3P2K2 221.67bcdABC 146.35abA 88.87abA 456.89abcABC 23.58bcABC 19.39aA 8.02abA 50.99abcAB 30.81bcABC 96.52abAB 18.9aA 146.23abAB N1P1K2 182.49cdBC 119.87abA 81.22abA 383.58bcdABC 20.43bcBC 21.37aA 8.21abA 50.01abcAB 28.59cBC 94.27abAB 22.57aA 145.43abAB N1P2K1 185.62cdABC 160.19abA 95.89aA 441.69abcABC 20.36bcBC 26.37aA 8.37abA 55.10abcAB 25.01cC 71.37abAB 18.86A 115.24bA N2P1K1 319.16aA 112.91abA 89.25abA 521.32abcAB 38.12Aab 15.74aA 7.52abA 61.37abAB 44.83abA 61.50bA 17.91aA 124.23bA
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表 5 不同配方施肥对薏苡产量及产量性状的影响
Table 5. Effects of formulated fertilizations on yield and yield traits of coix plants
处理 每穴有效穗数
/穗每穴分支数
/支每穴总粒数
/粒每穴实粒数
/粒结实率
/%千粒重
/g产量
/(kg·hm-2)N0P0K0 13bA 81abA 2396bA 2058bA 86abA 41.11abcdAB 2103.77cBC N0P2K2 13bA 86abA 3234abA 2805abA 87aA 43.59abAB 3001.75bAB N1P2K2 16abA 96abA 4650aA 3844aA 83abcA 43.09abAB 3141.63abA N2P0K2 18abA 121aA 4443aA 3641abA 81abcA 36.47cdB 3461.67abA N2P1K2 15abA 101abA 3634abA 3123abA 86abA 40.35abcdAB 3223.76 abA N2P2K2 15abA 107abA 3290abA 2914abA 89a 41.17abcdAB 3497.63 abA N2P3K2 13bA 79abA 3512abA 2709abA 78abcA 42.40abcAB 3376.04 abA N2P2K0 14bA 73bA 3181abA 2473abA 78abcA 36.21dB 1917.58cC N2P2K1 17abA 97abA 4311aA 3717abA 86abA 43.33abAB 3620.86 abA N2P2K3 17abA 111abA 4573aA 3657abA 80abcA 45.87aA 3292.43 abA N3P2K2 15abA 107abA 4527aA 3365abA 75bcA 39.69bcdAB 3143.70 abA N1P1K2 13bA 85abA 3274abA 2400abA 74cA 40.44abcdAB 3108.91 abA N1P2K1 16abA 93abA 3299abA 2676abA 82abcA 41.79abcdAB 3359.73 abA N2P1K1 23aA 123aA 4450aA 3790aA 84abcA 44.37abAB 3943.43aA
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表 6 三元二次方程最高施肥量及最佳施肥量
Table 6. Maximum and optimal amounts of fertilizers for coix fertilization determined by quadratic equation
方案 N P2O5 K2O 肥料与产品价格/(元·kg-1) 4.35 5.00 5.33 每667 m2最大施肥量/kg 16.48 10.28 14.61 每667 m2最佳施肥量/kg 16.45 9.53 14.49
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表 7 单因素分析数据统计
Table 7. Statistical data from univariate analysis
编号 N肥料效应 P肥料效应 K肥料效应 方案 每667 m2施N量/kg 每667 m2产量/kg 方案 每667 m2施P量/kg 每667 m2产量/kg 方案 每667 m2施K量/kg 每667 m2产量/kg 1 N0P2K2 0 191 N2P0K2 0 217 N2P2K0 0 223 2 N1P2K2 7.5 194 N2P1K2 3.5 209 N2P2K1 8.5 122 3 N2 P2K2 15.0 223 N2P2K2 7.0 223 N2P2K2 17.0 214 4 N3 P2K2 22.5 201 N2P2K2 10.5 213 N2P2K3 25.5 207 方程变量 方程系数 方程变量 方程系数 方程变量 方程系数 b0 187.084 b0 214.364 b0 125.0625 b1*N 2.4619 b1*P 0.4698 b1*K 14.2637 b2*N2 -0.0623 b2*P2 -0.0294 b2*K2 -0.4773 Y=187.084+2.4619 N-0.0623N2 Y=156.5+21.2857 P-1.2653P2 Y=125.0625+14.2637 K-0.4773K2 R值 0.726348 R值 0.146887 R值 0.987046 每667 m2施N量/kg 每667 m2产量/kg 每667 m2施P量/kg 每667 m2产量/kg 每667 m2施K量/kg 每667 m2产量/kg 最大施肥量 19.74 211.39 7.99 216.24 14.09 231.63 经济施肥量 17.37 211.03 2.20 215.25 14.56 231.56
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