Effect of Greenhouse CO2 Enrichment on NSC Accumulation in Sources/Sinks of Tomato Plant
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摘要: 以‘兴海12号’番茄为试材，通过对生长发育期植株进行增施CO2处理，使CK、T1、T2、T3的CO2含量分别维持在（400±25）、（600±25）、（800±25）、（1000±25）μmol·mol-1水平，分析不同时期各器官中葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖与淀粉含量，探讨增施CO2对番茄植株‘源-库’间非结构性碳水化合物（NSC）积累的影响。结果表明：经CO2加富处理后，番茄植株各器官中NSC含量均高于对照。随着果实的生长发育，成熟期叶片中葡萄糖含量达最大值，其中（1000±25）μmol·mol-1处理下成熟期叶片中葡萄糖含量较对照显著增加94%；且（1000±25）μmol·mol-1处理下各时期叶片中蔗糖含量均显著高于其他处理和对照；而（800±25）μmol·mol-1处理下叶片中淀粉含量较低。不同加富处理下，各维管器官中NSC含量均增加，尤其是（1000±25）μmol·mol-1处理下茎部NSC含量在果实发育的前三个时期均最高。CO2加富处理对萼片中NSC含量的影响不是很显著，但能够加快蔗糖与淀粉的降解，促进果实成熟过程中还原糖的积累，其中（800±25）μL·L-1处理下成熟期果实中葡萄糖与果糖含量较对照分别显著增加46%和42%。可见，CO2加富促进NSC在番茄植株各器官中的积累，促进光合产物向库端器官的积累，利于提高果实中糖分，其中以（800±25）μmol·mol-1处理效果最佳。Abstract: Effect of CO2 enrichment on the accumulation of nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) in tomato plants was studied in a greenhouse. The atmospheric CO2 concentration was maintained at 400±25 μmol/mol (CK), 600±25 μmol/mol (T1), 800±25 μmol/mol (T2), or 1, 000±25 μmol/mol (T3) during the entire growth period of Xinghai No.12 tomato plants. Contents of glucose, fructose, sucrose and starch in the sources and sinks of individual plants were determined. The results indicated that CO2 enrichment increased the NSC in various organs of a plant. As the plants grew and developed, the glucose content in the leaves peaked when the fruits were ripening. The content increased 94% over CK under T3 when CO2 at the highest level. At T3, the sucrose content remained highest among all treatments throughout the entire growth stages. The starch in leaves was relatively low under T2. High CO2 content in the air increased NSC in the vascular organs of the plants, especially the stems, which had the highest content in the first 3 stages of fruit development under T3. In the sepals, the enriched CO2 did not show any significant effect on NSC. However, it hastened the breakdown of sucrose and starch increasing 46% on glucose and 42% on fructose accumulations in the fruits under T2. It appeared that CO2 enrichment could promote the NSC accumulation in various parts of a tomato plant and transport the photosynthates from the source to the sink improving the eating quality of the fruits. Over all, the T2 treatment seemed to be optimal for the purpose.
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Key words:
- CO2 enrichment /
- tomato /
- nonstructural carbohydrate /
- accumulation
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图 2 不同含量CO2对番茄各时期萼片中非结构性碳水化合物含量的影响
Figure 2. Effect of CO2 concentration on NSC in sepals of tomato plants at various growth stages
图 3 不同含量CO2处理下对番茄各时期果实非结构性碳水化合物含量的影响
Figure 3. Effect of CO2 concentration on NSC in fruits of tomato plants at various growth stages
表 1 不同含量CO2处理下番茄各时期维管器官中葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖和淀粉含量
Table 1. Contents of glucose, fructose, sucrose and starch in vascular organs of tomato plants at various growth stages under varied CO2 concentrations in greenhouse
[单位/(mg·g-1)] 时期 处理 葡萄糖 果糖 蔗糖 淀粉 果实生长初期 CK 2.12±0.01a 1.60±0.02a 3.67±0.01a 25.79±0.29a T1 2.69±0.08b 1.9±0.13ab 3.88±0.03a 29.18±0.29b T2 2.91±0.05b 2.10±0.06bc 4.25±0.03b 30.48±0.45b T3 3.04±0.13b 2.27±0.01c 4.64±0.09c 34.65±0.25c 果实迅速膨大期 CK 2.14±0.03a 1.25±0.06a 2.90±0.09a 20.55±0.36a T1 2.57±0.04b 1.73±0.07b 3.94±0.06b 22.64±0.29b T2 3.13±0.03c 1.94±0.06b 4.12±0.04b 25.64±0.15c T3 3.46±0.03d 2.35±0.05c 4.99±0.12c 28.04±0.12d 绿熟期 CK 1.98±0.07a 1.77±0.03a 3.43±0.12a 27.46±0.09a T1 2.52±0.07b 2.18±0.13ab 4±0.11b 30.13±0.57b T2 3.07±0.04c 2.50±0.14b 4.38±0.14bc 31.36±0.19b T3 3.28±0.064c 3.01±0.06c 4.63±0.14c 35.40±0.58c 成熟期 CK 1.24±0.04a 1.48±0.03a 2.35±0.05a 26.09±0.29a T1 1.73±0.04b 2.05±0.08ab 2.70±0.01b 29.22±0.40b T2 1.83±0.04bc 2.49±0.046bc 3.11±0.04c 33.19±0.16c T3 1.94±0.04c 2.96±0.26c 3.36±0.08d 34.33±0.33c 注: 表 1中数据均为各维管器官中糖含量均值，表示为:平均值±标准误差。 
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表 2 不同含量CO2处理下各时期不同维管器官中NSC含量
Table 2. Contents of NSC in different vascular organs of tomato plants at various growth stages under varied CO2 concentrations in greenhouse
[单位/(mg·g-1)] 指标 时期 处理 主叶脉 叶柄 叶轴 茎 果枝 果柄 果蔕 葡萄糖 A CK 1.41±0.15a 1.12±0.09a 2.29±0.19a 3.16±0.2a 2.06±0.21a 2.50±0.1a 2.31±0.05a T1 2.25±0.14bc 1.56±0.29a 2.47±0.15a 3.50±0.1ab 3.08±0.21b 3.15±0.2ab 2.80±0.25ab T2 2.45±0.11c 1.67±0.07a 2.77±0.06a 3.05±0.18a 3.48±0.06bc 3.56±0.26b 3.40±0.13b T3 1.9±0.07ab 1.83±0.11a 2.24±0.3a 4.20±0.16b 3.92±0.17c 3.69±0.03b 3.48±0.22b B CK 1.98±0.1a 1.68±0.06a 1.83±0.21a 2.02±0.23a 2.59±0.2a 2.37±0.28a 2.49±0.18a T1 2.04±0.18a 1.70±0.19a 2.59±0.1b 3.27±0.08b 2.95±0.11ab 2.81±0.04ab 2.60±0.04ab T2 2.49±0.21a 2.12±0.23ab 3.15±0.12bc 3.28±0.22b 3.9±0.15c 3.79±0.14c 3.19±0.18b T3 2.69±0.21a 2.59±0.2b 3.51±0.17c 4.36±0.16c 3.59±0.21bc 3.54±0.07bc 3.91±0.1c C CK 2.14±0.23a 1.55±0.13a 1.55±0.03a 2.43±0.03a 1.81±0.16a 2.05±0.15a 2.32±0.05a T1 2.38±0.14a 2.89±0.1b 2.09±0.13b 2.94±0.15ab 2.04±0.2a 2.94±0.09b 2.36±0.11a T2 3.24±0.14b 3.22±0.06bc 3.15±0.16c 3.33±0.12bc 3.03±0.15b 2.77±0.2b 2.75±0.2ab T3 2.83±0.13ab 3.54±0.15c 3.74±0.04d 3.73±0.24c 3.12±0.19b 2.88±0.15b 3.12±0.04b D CK 1.21±0.1a 0.57±0.11a 0.93±0.09a 2.18±0.09a 1.03±0.11a 1.40±0.18a 1.35±0.14ab T1 1.90±0.03c 0.99±0.04ab 1.47±0.08b 2.19±0.12a 1.67±0.07b 1.86±0.12ab 2.00±0.16bc T2 1.61±0.13bc 1.24±0.11b 2.14±0.05c 2.72±0.08b 1.70±0.06b 2.09±0.03b 1.32±0.14a T3 1.38±0.03ab 1.16±0.1b 2.49±0.14c 2.24±0.12a 2.25±0.08c 1.76±0.14ab 2.33±0.13c 果糖 A CK 1.36±0.12a 0.78±0.16a 1.04±0.33a 2.82±0.31a 1.84±0.09a 1.51±0.23a 1.87±0.24a T1 1.7±0.19ab 0.97±0.16a 1.53±0.14a 2.88±0.47a 1.86±0.26a 1.58±0.29a 2.77±0.2b T2 1.93±0.19b 1.15±0.17ab 1.8±0.16a 3.02±0.24a 2.26±0.2a 1.66±0.09a 2.88±0.22b T3 1.55±0.11ab 1.76±0.18b 1.63±0.35a 3.48±0.15a 2.22±0.25a 2.16±0.28a 3.13±0.04b B CK 1.07±0.17a 0.97±0.22a 0.88±0.21a 1.16±0.13a 1.66±0.37a 1.81±0.17a 1.17±0.11a T1 1.95±0.31b 1.14±0.22a 1.62±0.17bc 1.53±0.03ab 2.16±0.44ab 2.15±0.29ab 1.55±0.22ab T2 2±0.2b 1.05±0.21a 1.23±0.14ab 2.24±0.18bc 2.66±0.09ab 2.23±0.26ab 2.16±0.25bc T3 1.83±0.17b 1.88±0.19b 2.21±0.2c 2.65±0.36c 2.89±0.24b 2.48±0.34b 2.54±0.21c C CK 1.61±0.02ab 1.19±0.06a 1.07±0.15a 2.06±0.39a 2.3±0.17a 2.04±0.53a 2.12±0.42a T1 1.2±0.17a 1.23±0.1a 1.71±0.29a 2.49±0.13ab 2.94±0.41ab 2.71±0.3a 2.96±0.17ab T2 2.08±0.38b 1.47±0.23a 1.82±0.23a 3.22±0.2bc 3.42±0.15b 2.75±0.13a 2.79±0.14ab T3 2.25±0.18b 2.28±0.02b 2.95±0.24b 3.7±0.11c 3.58±0.23b 3.12±0.21a 3.18±0.21b D CK 1.29±0.02a 0.78±0.09a 1.24±0.16a 2.01±0.06a 1.72±0.24a 1.44±0.05a 1.87±0.1a T1 1.79±0.11ab 0.99±0.07a 1.87±0.21ab 2.81±0.03b 1.88±0.13a 2.1±0.54ab 2.48±0.08ab T2 2.26±0.24b 1.99±0.08ab 2.35±0.01ab 3.24±0.17b 2.85±0.49ab 2.96±0.19b 2.22±0.2a T3 2±0.13b 2.74±0.4b 2.97±0.35b 4.01±0.15c 3.27±0.08b 2.84±0.1b 2.86±0.13b 蔗糖 A CK 1.86±0.14a 1.26±0.18a 2.96±0.21a 6.87±0.06a 4.95±0.12a 5±0.09a 2.8±0.2a T1 1.87±0.01a 1.49±0.03ab 3.33±0.22a 7.46±0.03b 5.36±0.12a 4.65±0.19a 3.01±0.13ab T2 2.16±0.18a 2.08±0.1bc 3.7±0.11ab 8.37±0.02c 5.21±0.05a 4.59±0.1a 3.61±0.23ab T3 2.17±0.08a 2.45±0.2c 4.15±0.1b 8.65±0.21c 6.17±0.24b 5.23±0.21a 3.68±0.14b B CK 1.51±0.19a 1.58±0.21a 1.95±0.26a 5.73±0.18a 3.13±0.24a 3.19±0.21a 2.72±0.17a T1 1.67±0.23ab 2.08±0.24ab 2.43±0.09ab 6.9±0.12b 4.81±0.15b 4.67±0.1b 4.45±0.23b T2 1.95±0.14ab 2.13±0.16ab 3.01±0.17bc 7.04±0.17bc 5.53±0.2bc 5.42±0.21b 5.09±0.13bc T3 2.5±0.27b 2.47±0.1b 3.32±0.2c 7.74±0.23c 6.39±0.3c 6.46±0.19c 6.06±0.42c C CK 1.74±0.21a 1.88±0.15a 2.49±0.46a 6.15±0.27a 4.7±0.2a 4.08±0.15a 2.97±0.31a T1 1.96±0.2a 2.21±0.03ab 2.7±0.07a 7.15±0.28ab 5.95±0.18b 4.46±0.3ab 3.55±0.14a T2 2.09±0.14a 2.63±0.29b 2.98±0.07a 7.82±0.26b 6±0.27b 5.19±0.32bc 3.97±0.05ab T3 2.59±0.29a 2.38±0.27ab 3.06±0.16a 7.96±0.3b 6.2±0.22b 5.37±0.13c 4.86±0.29b D CK 0.55±0.09a 0.91±0.07a 0.84±0.07a 4.09±0.09a 3.28±0.17a 3.58±0.15a 3.21±0.06a T1 0.74±0.09a 0.81±0.09a 1.02±0.1a 5.13±0.11b 3.76±0.14ab 4.06±0.13ab 3.42±0.03a T2 1.31±0.13b 0.79±0.04a 1.49±0.07b 5±0.09b 4.65±0.26b 4.47±0.12b 4.07±0.06b T3 1.51±0.07b 1.08±0.16a 2.18±0.04c 5.01±0.05b 4.73±0.37b 4.45±0.03b 4.56±0.12c 淀粉 A CK 29.71±1.00a 25.92±1.66a 17.28±0.50a 26.88±0.27a 28.46±0.80a 27.86±0.41a 24.42±0.94a T1 31.49±0.53ab 25.23±0.19ab 22.69±0.26b 32.06±0.46b 29.34±0.69a 28.04±0.74a 35.45±1.19c T2 34.25±2.17ab 28.02±0.5ab 22.82±0.12b 37.52±0.46c 29.86±0.80a 30.83±0.34a 30.07±0.77b T3 36.53±0.03b 29.65±0.70b 24.99±0.59c 44.64±0.38d 36.42±0.65b 36.74±1.40b 33.58±0.44bc B CK 18.22±0.57a 18.21±0.21a 14.83±0.51a 26.12±2.04a 19.02±0.52a 22.29±0.47a 25.15±0.39a T1 21.71±0.41b 23.47±1.15b 15.94±0.37a 27.73±0.52ab 20.63±0.97ab 23.75±1.19a 25.25±0.43a T2 23.01±0.55b 26.44±0.74bc 18.84±0.49b 29.11±0.67ab 22.64±0.39b 30.00±0.36b 29.40±0.40b T3 21.06±0.75b 28.32±0.81c 25±0.60c 32.03±0.09c 26.81±0.24c 32.27±0.33b 30.77±0.51b C CK 22.22±1.32a 24.02±0.23a 22.86±1.51a 32.65±0.45a 30.02±0.43a 31.27±1.13a 29.23±1.17a T1 22.97±1.52ab 24.42±0.98a 25±0.20a 39.19±0.43bc 32.14±0.22b 32.02±2.12a 35.17±0.54ab T2 25.03±0.21ab 28.39±0.64b 31.11±1.09b 36.79±0.79b 32.58±0.29b 32.36±0.63a 33.25±0.51ab T3 27.55±0.48b 32.94±0.94c 34.09±0.77b 40.38±1.02c 38.09±0.71c 36.91±1.54a 37.83±2.46b D CK 23.83±1.11a 23.04±0.63a 26.80±1.1a 33.07±1.27a 24.17±1.55a 23.99±0.58a 27.73±0.38a T1 24.77±0.21ab 26.72±1.68a 29.92±0.59ab 34.94±0.13ab 29.88±0.63b 28.94±0.21b 29.41±1.21a T2 27.13±0.19bc 32.15±0.18b 30.26±0.61b 41.96±0.57bc 33.85±1.02bc 32.69±0.34c 34.33±0.22b T3 28.27±0.61c 33.16±1b 33.01±0.59b 37.91±1.18c 35.67±0.14c 35.09±0.36d 37.19±0.47b 注:①A为果实生长初期，B为果实迅速膨大期，C为果实绿熟期，D为果实成熟期；②表中数据均为平均值±标准误差，数据后不同大小写字母表示各处理较对照差异显著(P < 0.05)。
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