Effects of Dwarf-pruning on Photosynthesis, Quality and Yield of Longan Plants
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摘要: 探讨密闭成龄‘立冬本’果园的龙眼树矮化回缩修剪后,果实成熟阶段的叶片光合特性、环境因子及品质产量的变化情况。结果表明,与对照相比,矮化修剪整体提高了龙眼树冠内部的光照和温度,相对湿度稍下降;极显著提高了叶片的净光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度,降低了胞间CO2浓度;显著提高了树冠上层果实的单果重和可溶性固形物含量,显著提高了树冠內膛果实的可溶性固形物含量,株产无显著差异。Abstract: Dwarf-pruning on Lidongben longan plants at a closed orchard was carried out to study the changes on the photosynthetic characteristics of the plants at fruit maturing stage, the associated environmental factors, and the fruit quality and yield at harvest. After pruning, the light intensity and temperature on the tree crowns increased, and the relative humidity decreased slightly, while the net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of the leaves significantly increased, but the intercellular CO2 decreased. The single fruit weight and the soluble solids of the fruits on the upper crowns, as well as the soluble solids of the fruits in the crown interior, increased significantly. However, no significant difference on fruit yield per plant was observed with the pruning.
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Key words:
- Longan /
- dwarf-pruning /
- photosynthesis /
- quality
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表 1 树冠不同部位的光合特性差异
Table 1. Fruit quality and yield per plant in different parts of tree crown
修剪层次 净光合速率(CO2)/(μmol·m-2 s-1) 蒸腾速率(H2O)/(mmol·m-2 s-1) 气孔导度(H2O)/(mol·m-2 s-1) 胞间CO2浓度/(μmol·mol-1) H3 3.93±0.64aA 1.96±0.29bB 0.11±0.01cdC 299.80±22.27fE H2 2.64±0.57bB 2.10±0.29abAB 0.14±0.02abAB 345.46±9.19bB H1 1.65±0.29cC 2.03±0.11bAB 0.15±0.01aA 364.50±3.48aA H0 1.74±0.42cC 1.16±0.12cC 0.06±0.01eD 331.71±7.69cBC T2 3.68±1.13aA 2.34±0.39aA 0.12±0.03bcBC 321.16±21.42cdeCD T1 3.44±0.83baA 2.16±0.63abAB 0.12±0.04cdBC 321.06±14.77deCD T0 3.78±0.52aA 2.09±0.21abAB 0.10±0.01dC 311.77±2.22eDE 注:同列不同小写和大写字母分别表示在5%和1%水平差异显著。表 2同。 表 2 树冠不同部位的果实品质与株产变化
Table 2. Differences on photosynthetic characteristics in different parts of tree crown
年度 修剪层次 单果重/g 可溶性固形物含量/% 可食率/% 株产量/kg 2016年 H3 12.56±1.14b 20.28±2.01abcAB 69.97±2.49a H2 12.54±0.87b 19.67±1.31cB 67.30±3.62b H1 12.59±0.85ab 20.29±0.68abcAB 67.36±4.11b H0 12.64±0.92ab 19.93±0.93bcAB 67.16±1.73b T2 13.39±1.19a 21.06±0.72aA 68.74±3.93ab T1 13.38±0.43a 20.91±1.02aAB 68.69±1.95ab T0 13.02±0.99ab 20.96±0.51aA 68.28±1.53ab H 12.58±0.04bB 20.04±0.30bB 67.95±1.35aA 40.53±0.65a T 13.26±0.21aA 20.98±0.08aA 68.57±0.25aA 39.4±0.82a 2017年 H3 13.03±0.53ab 20.03±0.21bc 68.20±0.10ab H2 12.94±0.31b 19.87±0.38c 67.80±0.36b H1 12.79±0.26b 20.00±0.36bc 67.73±0.68b H0 12.78±0.16b 19.97±0.29c 67.90±0.62ab T2 13.52±0.45a 21.07±1.19a 68.70±0.56a T1 13.26±0.13ab 21.03±0.42a 68.53±0.60ab T0 13.11±0.19ab 20.93±0.15ab 68.47±0.38ab H 12.89±0.12bB 19.97±0.07bB 67.91±0.21aA 41.27±0.50a T 13.30±0.21aA 21.01±0.07aA 68.57±0.12aA 41.13±0.55a -
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