Evaluation of Herbicides for Weed Control on Sweet Potato Fields
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摘要: 为筛选可有效防除甘薯田间杂草且对甘薯生长安全的除草剂,采用茎叶喷雾法在室内测试15种除草剂对甘薯苗的药害作用,筛选出10种对甘薯影响相对较小的除草剂进行甘薯田间杂草防除试验,结果表明25%砜嘧黄隆水分散粒剂90 g·hm-2、330 g·L-1二甲戊灵乳油1 800 mL·hm-2、900 g·L-1乙草胺乳油1 050 mL·hm-2和960 g·L-1精异丙甲草胺乳油1 200 mL·hm-2对甘薯田间杂草的防治效果较好,药后50 d对不同杂草鲜重的总防治效果可达82%以上,且对作物较安全。进一步选用这4种除草剂进行甘薯田间杂草防除的多点试验,结果表明900 g·L-1乙草胺乳油1 050 mL·hm-2和960 g·L-1精异丙甲草胺乳油1 200 mL·hm-2在福州、龙岩、南宁、湛江的效果均较好,可作为南方甘薯田杂草防除药剂。Abstract: Various commercially available herbicides were evaluated for weed control on sweet potato fields. The phytotoxicity of 15 herbicides was firstly tested in a chamber on sweet potato seedlings by foliar spray. Then, the 10 that showed no or low toxic effect on the seedlings were subjected to a field test. It was found that the applications of 25% rimsulfuron WDG at 90 g·hm-2, 330 g·L-1 pendimethalin EC at 1 800 mL·hm-2, 900 g·L-1 acetochlor EC at 1 050 mL·hm-2, and 960 g·L-1 s-metolachlor EC at 1 200 mL·hm-2 were more effective in weed control than the others. The selected herbicides applied at the levels reduced more than 82% on weight of fresh weeds in 50 ds after spraying. In the subsequent multi-location field test, the foliar application of acetochlor or s-metolachlor exhibited superior weed control efficacy with safety. Consequently, it was deemed applicable on sweet potato fields.
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Key words:
- sweet potato /
- herbicide /
- safety evaluation /
- weed control
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表 1 除草剂对甘薯苗的安全性
Table 1. Safety of herbicides on sweet potatoes
处理 剂量 药害级数 3 d 6 d 13%二甲四氯钠水剂/(mL·L-1) 14.0 3 5 180 g·L-1草胺膦可溶液剂/(mL·L-1) 6.0 4 5 6.9%精噁唑禾草灵水乳剂/(mL·L-1) 2.0 0 1 25%砜嘧黄隆水分散粒剂/(g·L-1) 0.2 1 2 960 g·L-1精异丙甲草胺乳油/(mL·L-1) 2.0 1 1 330 g·L-1二甲戊灵乳油/(mL·L-1) 4.0 1 1 25 g·L-1五氯磺草胺油悬浮剂/(mL·L-1) 1.2 0 3 900 g·L-1乙草胺乳油/(mL·L-1) 1.6 0 1 120 g·L-1烯草酮乳油/(mL·L-1) 1.2 0 0 10%吡嘧黄隆可湿性粉剂/(g·L-1) 0.6 0 1 108 g·L-1高效氟比甲禾灵乳油/(mL·L-1) 0.8 0 0 50%二氯喹啉酸可湿性粉剂/(g·L-1) 1.2 0 2 60%丁草胺水剂/(mL·L-1) 4.0 0 1 41%草甘膦水剂/(mL·L-1) 4.0 3 5 200 g·L-1氯氟吡氧乙酸异辛酯浮油/(mL·L-1) 15.0 4 5 900 g·L-1乙草胺乳油/(mL·L-1) 6.4 1 3 表 2 药后50 d各处理对杂草的防除效果
Table 2. Weed control efficacy of herbicides on sweet potato fields 50 ds after foliar spray
(单位/%) 处理 阔叶杂草 莎草 禾本科杂草 合计 株防效 鲜重防效 株防效 鲜重防效 株防效 鲜重防效 株防效 鲜重防效 120 g·L-1烯草酮乳油600 mL·hm-2 - - - - 56.7Ce 67.8Fg 25.5Gg 25.3Hh 10%吡嘧黄隆可湿性粉剂300 g·hm-2 84.3Aa 90.0ABbc 69.4Aa 75.0Aa 32.3Df 38.0Gi 60.6Dd 70.1Ee 108 g·L-1高效氟比甲禾灵乳油600 mL·hm-2 - - - - 94.4Aa 94.7Aa 42.4Ef 35.3Gg 50%二氯喹啉酸可湿性粉剂600 g·hm-2 82.5Aa 88.0Bbc 47.2Abc 50.1Bc 61.4Cd 64.3Fh 72.0Cc 77.9Dd 25%砜嘧黄隆水分散粒剂90 g·hm-2 89.6Aa 96.3Aa 66.7Aab 62.0ABbc 89.1Ab 86.3CDcd 88.7Aa 91.4Aa 6.9%精噁唑禾草灵水乳剂750 mL·hm-2 - - - - 92.5Aab 89.5BCbc 41.6Ff 33.4Gg 960 g·L-1精异丙甲草胺乳油1 200 mL·hm-2 83.0Aa 86.6Bc 54.2Aabc 64.5ABab 80.1Bc 85.6CDde 80.9Bb 85.4BCb 900 g·L-1乙草胺乳油1 050 mL·hm-2 63.7Bb 78.0Cd 41.7Ac 58.9ABbc 90.3Aab 92.4ABab 75.0Cc 82.7Cc 330 g·L-1二甲戊灵乳油1 800 mL·hm-2 90.0Aa 92.8ABab 45.8Abc 54.0Bbc 79.6Bc 82.6DEef 84.2ABb 87.6Bb 60%丁草胺水剂1 800 mL·hm-2 30.8 Cc 36.2De 54.2Aabc 54.1Bbc 78.1Bc 80.4Ef 52.6Ee 53.3Ff CK1人工除草* 138.4 248.9 7.1 14.4 118.2 156.4 263.7 419.8 CK2空白对照* 206.3 373.4 10.6 21.6 177.2 234.6 394.2 629.7 注:-表示无效;*为1 m2内杂草密度(株)或鲜重(g);同列数据后不同大、小写字母分别表示差异达极显著水平(P<0.01)和显著水平(P<0.05),表 3同。 表 3 除草剂对甘薯田杂草的防除效果(药后60 d)
Table 3. Weed control efficacy of herbicides on sweet potato fields 60 ds after foliar spray
(单位/%) 药剂 南宁 湛江 龙岩 福州 株防效 鲜重防效 株防效 鲜重防效 株防效 鲜重防效 株防效 鲜重防效 精异丙甲草胺 87.06 Aa 89.52Aa 73.45 Aa 84.70 Aa 72.83 Aab 75.29 Ab 70.31 ABb 73.95Bbc 乙草胺 66.11 Bb 72.01Bb 62.12Bb 74.30Bb 76.47 Aa 84.84 Aa 61.11 Bc 70.06Bc 二甲戊乐灵 10.64 Cd 9.20Dd 69.47 ABa 55.34Cc 67.23 Ab 85.25 Aa 73.61 Aab 77.85 ABb 砜嘧黄隆 18.89 Cc 34.36Cc 17.88Cc -5.94Dd 17.65Bc 44.75Bc 78.67 Aa 83.48 Aa 表 4 除草剂对大田甘薯安全评价(药后10 d)
Table 4. Safety of herbicides evaluated 10 ds after application on sweet potato fields
处理 剂量 药害级
/级120 g·L-1烯草酮乳油/ (mL·hm-2) 600 0 10%吡嘧黄隆可湿性粉剂/ (g·hm-2) 300 3 108 g·L-1高效氟比甲禾灵乳油/ (mL·hm-2) 600 2 50%二氯喹啉酸可湿性粉剂/ (g·hm-2) 600 4 25%砜嘧黄隆水分散粒剂/ (g·hm-2) 90 2 6.9%精噁唑禾草灵水乳剂/ (mL·hm-2) 750 0 960 g·L-1精异丙甲草胺乳油/ (mL·hm-2) 1200 1 900 g·L-1乙草胺乳油/ (mL·hm-2) 1050 1 330 g·L-1二甲戊灵乳油/ (mL·hm-2) 1800 0 60%丁草胺水剂/ (mL·hm-2) 1800 0 -
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