Effects of Mushroom Discards and Foliar Fertilizer on Growth and Kinsenoside Content in Anoectochilus roxburghii (Wall.) Lindl.
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摘要: 通过正交试验设计,分析菌糠有机肥、SODm叶面肥及两者的施用时间对福建金线莲生长指标(株高、叶片数、气生根数、全株鲜重和产量)和金线莲苷含量的影响。结果表明:适时施用菌糠有机肥及SODm叶面肥可促进金线莲的生长,提高其产量,平均增产比达12.38%;三因素对金线莲苷的含量有明显的提高作用,影响顺序为:菌糠有机肥>施用时间> SODm叶面肥倍数。建立了福建金线莲林下仿野生的最优方案,即:定植后第150 d,施用菌糠有机肥(2.0 kg·m-2)和SODm叶面肥(150倍),可同时获得较高的产量和金线莲苷含量。Abstract: An orthogonal experiment was conducted to explore the effects of addition of mushroom discards in soil at varied rates, spraying of SODm (a foliar fertilizer) on leaves, and fertilization time on the growth indices (i.e., plant height, leaf count, aerial root number, plant fresh weight, and product yield) and kinsenoside content in Anoectochilus roxburghii (Wall.) Lindl. The results indicated that timely application of mushroom discards in soil and SODm spraying on leaves promoted the growth of A. roxburghii and increased the harvest by 12.38%on average. The factors that significantly increased the kinsenoside content in the plants were in the order of mushroom discards > application time > SODm dilution rate. The optimal fertilization under a cultivation test with simulated wilderness conditions was determined to consist of the addition of 2.0 kg mushroom discards per m2, foliar feeding with 150x dilution of SODm, and harvesting the plants 150 days after the treatments.
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表 1 三因素三水平正交试验设计
Table 1. Three factors and three levels of orthogonal design
处理 因素 A B C 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 3 1 3 3 4 2 1 2 5 2 2 3 6 2 3 1 7 3 1 3 8 3 2 1 9 3 3 2 表 2 栽培措施对金线莲生长的影响
Table 2. Effect of cultivation factors on growth of A. roxburghii
处理 株高/cm 叶片数 气生根数 全株鲜重/g 产量/g 1 6.93±0.55* 4.33±0.58 3.67±0.58 0.98±0.07* 767.27±61.51* 2 6.27±1.16 3.67±1.53 3.67±0.58 0.76±0.05 593.95±30.27 3 6.33±0.35 4.00±1.00 3.67±0.58 0.77±0.05 607.04±28.07 4 6.53±0.38 4.00±1.00 4.00±1.00 0.74±0.04 583.68±29.94 5 6.30±0.44 4.00±1.00 4.00±1.00 0.72±0.07 568.17±60.06 6 7.20±0.26* 3.67±0.58 4.33±0.58 0.75±0.03 591.74±28.88 7 6.47±0.50 3.67±0.58 4.00±1.00 0.78±0.02 609.82±9.51 8 8.10±0.56* 3.67±0.58 4.67±0.58 0.93±0.07* 732.93±52.09* 9 5.57±0.15 3.33±0.58 3.67±0.58 0.71±0.05 560.39±43.48 CK 5.93±0.51 3.33±0.58 3.67±0.58 0.71±0.05 555.17±44.28 表 3 不同因素对金线莲生长的影响
Table 3. Effect of various factors on growth of A. roxburghii
类别 株高/cm 叶片数 气生根数 全株鲜重/g 产量/g A B C* A B C A B C A B C A B C K1 6.51 6.64 7.41 4.00 4.00 3.89 3.67 3.89 4.22 0.84 0.83 0.89 656.09 653.59 697.31 K2 6.68 6.89 6.12 3.89 3.78 3.67 4.11 4.11 3.78 0.74 0.80 0.74 581.20 631.68 579.34 K3 6.71 6.37 6.37 3.56 3.67 3.89 4.11 3.89 3.89 0.81 0.74 0.76 634.38 586.39 595.01 R 0.20 0.52 1.29 0.44 0.33 0.22 0.44 0.22 0.44 0.10 0.09 0.15 74.89 67.20 117.97 影响顺序 C>B>A A>B>C A=C>B C>A>B C>A>B 最佳组合 A1B2C1 A1B1C1或A1B1C3 A2B2C1或A3B2C1 A1B1C1 A1B1C1 表 4 正交试验直观分析结果
Table 4. Intuitive analysis of data on kinsenoside content in orthogonal experiment
处理 A施用时间/d B菌糠有机肥用量/(kg·m-2) C SODm叶面肥倍数 金线莲苷含量/% Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ 均值 1 1(第120) 1(2.0) 1(150) 5.37 6.03 5.97 5.79 2 1(第120) 2(3.5) 2(200) 3.00 2.86 3.23 3.03 3 1(第120) 3(5.0) 3(250) 3.11 3.57 3.34 3.34 4 2(第150) 1(2.0) 2(200) 6.09 5.89 6.17 6.05 5 2(第150) 2(3.5) 3(250) 4.74 4.09 4.82 4.55 6 2(第150) 3(5.0) 1(150) 4.07 4.34 4.76 4.39 7 3(第180) 1(2.0) 3(250) 5.94 5.72 5.98 5.88 8 3(第180) 2(3.5) 1(150) 4.52 4.80 3.97 4.43 9 3(第180) 3(5.0) 2(200) 3.63 3.09 3.39 3.37 K1 4.05 5.91 4.87 - - - - K2 5.00 4.00 4.15 - - - - K3 4.56 3.70 4.59 - - - - R 0.95 2.21 0.72 - - - - 表 5 方差分析结果
Table 5. Variance analysis of data on kinsenoside content in orthogonal experiment
方差来源 离差平方和(SS) 自由度(df) 均方(MS) F值 P值 显著性 因素A 1.337 2 0.669 26.710 0.036 * 因素B 8.584 2 4.292 171.453 0.006 ** 因素C 0.790 2 0.395 15.787 0.060 误差 0.050 2 0.025 - - 总和 10.762 8 - - - -
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