Effect of Spent Mushrooms for Substrate in Culture Medium on Nutritional Value of Agaricus bisporus
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摘要: 测定以稻草、杏鲍菇菌渣、金针菇菌渣为主培养料的3种不同配方栽培双孢蘑菇子实体的营养成分和氨基酸含量，采用国际通用的蛋白质营养评价的方法，对其子实体的营养价值进行评价分析。结果表明，稻草配方的蘑菇粗蛋白含量（40.00%）和粗脂肪含量（3.20%）较菌渣配方高，其蛋白质品质评价指标均优于菌渣配方栽培的蘑菇；氨基酸比值系数法表明杏鲍菇菌渣配方氨基酸组成最优，菌渣配方均好于稻草配方；借助模式识别得出杏鲍菇菌渣配方、稻草配方栽培蘑菇与全鸡蛋蛋白质的贴近度为0.88，高于金针菇菌渣配方；杏鲍菇菌渣与金针菇菌渣配方栽培的蘑菇，其风味氨基酸含量高于稻草配方；结果说明菌渣配方需进一步优化，以提高蘑菇子实体蛋白质营养价值。Abstract: The contents of nutrients and amino acids in the fruiting bodies of Agaricus bisporus cultivated on media containing rice straws, spent Pleurotus eryngii or spent Flammulina velutipe were determined. The nutritional values were analyzed by the internationally applied protein assessment method. The results showed that the medium formulated mainly with rice straws produced fruiting bodies with high crude protein (i.e., 40.00%) and fat (i.e., 3.20%) as well as a higher nutritional quality index than the media containing largely the spent mushroom materials. The amino acid ratios of the fruiting bodies indicated that A. bisporus harvested from the medium formulated with spent P. eryngii were nutritionally superior to the others. The spent mushrooms alsoproduced fruiting bodies with better amino acid composition than rice straws did. A pattern recognition analysis showed a closer resemblance of the proteins from the fruiting bodies of A. bisporus cultivated on medium consisted mainly of rice strawsor spent P. eryngii to those of eggs, at a score of 0.88, than that from the fruiting bodies of A. bisporus grown on medium of spent F. velutipe. In addition, the fruiting bodies contained more flavor amino acidswhen A. bisporus were cultivatedon media with the presence of spent mushroom substrates than rice straws. It appeared that medium formulations using spent mushrooms for A. bisporuscultivation could be furtherimproved to maximize the food quality of the fruiting bodies for consumption.
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Key words:
- Agaricus bisporus /
- spent mushroom /
- nutrients /
- cultivation
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表 1 不同培养料配方双孢蘑菇子实体主要营养成分含量
Table 1. Major nutritional components in fruiting bodies of A. bisporus grown on different cultivation materials
(单位/%) 营养成分 金针菇
菌渣配方杏鲍菇
菌渣配方稻草
配方水分 90.27 90.91 91.11 粗蛋白 34.70 38.80 40.00 粗脂肪 2.50 2.40 3.20 粗纤维 5.70 6.20 6.00 总灰分 9.43 8.93 9.31 
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表 2 不同培养料配方双孢蘑菇子实体氨基酸组成与含量
Table 2. Amino acid contents in fruiting bodies of A. bisporus grown on different cultivation materials
单位/(g·hg-1) 氨基酸 金针菇
菌渣配方杏鲍菇
菌渣配方稻草
配方Asp 2.33 2.43 2.25 Thr 1.18 1.22 1.15 Ser 1.20 1.19 1.14 Glu 5.24 6.21 4.91 Gly 1.18 1.24 1.16 Ala 2.39 2.14 2.23 Cys 0.21 0.20 0.21 Val 1.30 1.30 1.25 Met 2.50 2.39 2.75 Ile 1.08 1.09 1.05 Leu 1.70 1.70 1.65 Tyr 0.46 0.53 0.45 Phe 1.12 1.10 1.09 Lys 1.48 1.51 1.40 His 0.50 0.48 0.47 Arg 1.32 1.48 1.26 Pro 1.16 1.13 1.02 氨基酸总含量 26.35 27.34 25.44
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表 3 必需氨基酸占总氨基酸含量百分比
Table 3. Percentage of essential amino acidsin total amino acids
(单位/%) 必需氨基酸 金针菇
菌渣配方杏鲍菇
菌渣配方稻草
配方鸡蛋
模式FAO/WHO
模式Thr 4.48 4.46 4.52 5.10 4.00 Val 4.93 4.75 4.91 7.30 5.00 Met+ Cys 10.28 9.47 10.85 5.50 3.50 Ile 4.10 3.99 4.13 6.60 4.00 Leu 6.45 6.22 6.49 8.80 7.00 Phe+ Tyr 6.00 5.96 6.05 10.00 6.00 Lys 5.62 5.52 5.50 6.40 5.50 总量 41.86 40.38 42.45 49.70 35.0
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表 4 不同培养料配方蘑菇子实体蛋白质化学评分与氨基酸评分
Table 4. Chemical and amino acid scores on proteins in fruiting bodies of A. bisporus grown on different cultivation materials
氨基酸 化学评分 氨基酸评分 金针菇菌渣配方 杏鲍菇菌渣配方 稻草配方 金针菇菌渣配方 杏鲍菇菌渣配方 稻草配方 Thr 87.81 87.50 88.64 111.95 111.56 113.01 Val 67.58 65.14 67.31 98.67 95.10 98.27 Met+ Cys 186.99 172.24 197.26 293.85 270.67 309.97 Ile 62.10 60.41 62.54 102.47 99.67 103.18 Leu 73.31 70.66 73.70 92.17 88.83 92.65 Phe+ Tyr 59.96 59.62 60.53 99.94 99.37 100.89 Lys 87.76 86.30 85.99 102.12 100.42 100.06 评分 59.96 59.62 60.53 92.17 88.83 92.65
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表 5 不同培养料配方蘑菇子实体蛋白质的必需氨基酸指数、生物价和营养指数
Table 5. Essential amino acid indices, biological values and nutritional indices of proteins in fruiting bodies of A. bisporus grown on different cultivation materials
项目 金针菇
菌渣配方杏鲍菇
菌渣配方稻草
配方必需氨基酸指数 80.75 78.00 81.61 生物价 76.32 73.32 77.25 营养指数 26.48 28.45 30.90
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表 6 不同培养料配方双孢蘑菇蛋白质的氨基酸比值系数
Table 6. Ratio coefficients of amino acids in proteins of fruiting bodies of A. bisporus grown on different cultivation materials
项目 金针菇
菌渣配方杏鲍菇
菌渣配方稻草
配方Thr 0.88 0.91 0.871 Val 0.77 0.78 0.76 Met+ Cys 2.30 2.21 2.39 Ile 0.80 0.81 0.79 Leu 0.72 0.72 0.71 Phe+ Tyr 0.78 0.81 0.78 Lys 0.80 0.82 0.77 评分 58.41 59.81 56.56
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表 7 不同培养料配方双孢蘑菇蛋白质相对标准蛋白的贴近度
Table 7. Closeness of proteins in fruiting bodies of A. bisporus grown on different cultivation materials as compared to reference protein
项目 金针菇
菌渣配方杏鲍菇
菌渣配方稻草
配方贴近度 0.87 0.88 0.88
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表 8 不同培养料配方双孢蘑菇呈味氨基酸组成
Table 8. Flavor amino acids in fruiting bodies of A. bisporus grown on different cultivation materials
(单位/%) 氨基酸种类 金针菇
菌渣配方杏鲍菇
菌渣配方稻草
配方鲜味氨基酸 Asp 2.33 2.43 2.25 Glu 5.24 6.21 4.91 Gly 1.18 1.24 1.16 Ala 2.39 2.14 2.23 鲜味氨基酸总量 11.14 12.02 10.55 占氨基酸总量比例 42.28 43.96 41.47 芳香氨基酸 Tyr 0.46 0.53 0.45 Val 1.30 1.30 1.25 芳香氨基酸总量 1.76 1.83 1.70 占氨基酸总量比例 6.68 6.70 6.68
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