Compositions and Antioxidant Activities of Oolong Tea Extracts Made by Two Processing Methods
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摘要: 以清香乌龙茶为原料，采用先65%醇洗+后水提和先水提+后65%醇沉等2种提取方式制得粗茶叶多糖（TPs-水提和TPs-醇沉）及相应的附属产物（TPs-A、TPs-B和TPs-C），分析比较其组成含量、还原力及DPPH清除活性变化。结果表明，先65%醇洗+后水提制得的粗茶多糖中多糖含量最高，可溶性蛋白含量最低。其他组分来看，乙醚浸提茶叶有助于茶多酚/儿茶素类、总黄酮类、咖啡碱等小分子物质的浸出，水提醇沉则对茶叶内含成分的分离富集效果较差。抗氧化活性试验表明，2种提取方式制备的粗茶多糖TPs-水提和TPs-醇沉的还原力及DPPH清除活性显著弱于附属产物TPs-A、TPs-B和TPs-C。相关性分析表明，粗茶多糖的抗氧化活性表达与茶多酚中的儿茶素类，尤其是酯型儿茶素呈显著正相关，而与茶多糖、总黄酮和咖啡碱则呈正相关。结果表明，茶多糖具有抗氧化作用，其活性弱于茶叶中的多酚类。Abstract: An aromatic oolong tea was used as the raw material to extract polysaccharides (TPs) and other constituents (TPs-A, TPs-B and TPs-C) using two processing methods. The chemical compositions, reducing power, and DPPH scavenging capacities of the extracts were determined. The results showed that the method applying 65% ethanol for pre-soaking followed by a water extraction (E-W) produced more TPs and less soluble protein than the process employing a water extraction before precipitation by 65% ethanol (W-E). E-W promoted the extractions of polyphenols, catechins, flavonoids and caffeine; while, W-E was less efficient in separating or concentrating the components. On the antioxidant activity, TPs obtained by both methods were significantly lower on the reducing power and DPPH scavenging capacity than those of TPs-A, TPs-B and TPs-C. The correlation analysis suggested that the antioxidant activity of TPs was significantly related to the contents of polyphenols, catechins, and particularly ester catechins in the extract.There was also a synergism among TPs, total flavonoid and caffeine. It appeared that as antioxidants, TPs exhibited significantly lower activity than the phenolic compounds in the tea.
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Key words:
- tea polysaccharides /
- extraction /
- components /
- antioxidant activity
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图 1 2种粗茶叶多糖及分离物的工艺制备流程
Figure 1. Process route of 2 crude tea polysaccharides and other constituents
图 3 茶多糖及分离物对DPPH的清除率变化
Figure 3. Effects of TPs and other constituents on DPPH scavenging capacity
表 1 茶多糖及分离物的组分含量
Table 1. Components of TPs and other constituents
组分
/(μg·mL-1)先醇洗+后水提 先水提+后醇沉 TPs-水提 TPs-A TPs-醇沉 TPs-B TPs-C 茶多糖 329.55±1.92a 200.32±1.61b 252.95±4.18b 267.27±3.21b 275.45±4.50b 可溶性蛋白 65.58±1.43c 184.10±6.24a 154.17±1.79b 190.81±1.70a 202.00±1.61a 茶多酚 281.50±9.19b 546.15±1.36a 241.83±12.92b 554.81±4.08a 612.02±3.40a 总黄酮 38.82±0.71b 63.33±0.52a 34.65±0.35b 49.78±1.04b 50.51±0.52b 儿茶素总量 184.31±1.21c 383.32±5.74a 52.33±1.63d 280.43±3.76b 288.66±5.10b 表没食子儿茶素(ECG) 52.70±1.60c 118.40±9.72a 20.71±2.03d 78.26±1.25b 81.07±2.00b 儿茶素(C) 8.29±0.76c 2.90±0.42d 2.98±0.22d 10.04±0.37b 12.17±0.24a 表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(EGCG) 89.51±1.78c 199.96±3.59a 17.01±1.01d 141.18±2.28b 144.26±3.14b 表儿茶素(EC) 8.63±0.20c 17.42±0.19a 3.16±0.17d 13.82±0.94b 14.09±0.44b 表儿茶素没食子酸酯(ECG) 25.19±0.38c 44.64±0.65a 8.48±0.80d 37.13±0.50b 37.07±0.26b 咖啡碱 15.72±1.62d 89.25±1.82b 72.24±1.60c 98.20±2.92b 108.97±2.68a 注：儿茶素总量为EGC、C、EGCG、EC、ECG之和。 
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表 2 抗氧化成分与DPPH清除活性及还原力变化的相关分析
Table 2. Effects of antioxidants on DPPH scavenging capacity and reducing power
项目 Pearson相关性 茶多糖 茶多酚 儿茶素类 EGC C EGCG EC ECG 咖啡因 总黄酮 DPPH清除率 0.599 0.991* 0.856* 0.813 0.520 0.857* 0.890* 0.878* 0.751 0.821 还原力 0.625 0.893* 0.900* 0.852 0.569 0.893* 0.914* 0.926* 0.447 0.858* 注：*表示显著相关。
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