Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization on Growth and Grain Yield of Ratoon-rice, Tianyouhuazhan
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摘要: 以天优华占为材料，头季设置5个氮肥水平（N0：0 kg·hm-2、N1：69.00 kg·hm-2、N2：138.00 kg·hm-2、N3：207.00 kg·hm-2、N4：276.00 kg·hm-2），再生季统一施用氮肥160.50 kg·hm-2，研究其对再生稻头季光合物质生产、两季产量及其构成因素的影响。结果表明，施用氮肥增加头季分蘖数和干物质积累，促进贮藏物质向籽粒的转运，过量施用氮肥会降低氮素农学利用效率。与N0处理相比，施用氮肥处理头季产量增加了12.12%~23.35%，N3处理最高。穗数随氮肥用量增加而增加，穗粒数则先增加后减少。再生季产量N4处理较0 kg·hm-2氮肥处理减少4.73%，其余处理产量增加1.61%~5.54%。再生季产量结构表现为穗数随头季氮肥增加呈减少趋势，穗粒数逐渐增加。试验表明，在福建中部山区条件下，天优华占再生季施用氮肥160.50 kg·hm-2条件下，头季氮肥用量为174.12 kg·hm-2最佳，可以充分发挥头季产量潜力，同时对再生季产量无显著影响，实现两季高产目标。Abstract: A ratoon-rice, Tianyouhuazhan, was used to study the effects of N application rates on the photosynthetic products and grain yield of the first-season and ratoon crops. Five rates of N fertilization, i.e., N0 at 0 kg·hm-2 (control), N1 at 69.00 kg·hm-2, N2 at 138.00 kg·hm-2, N3 at 207.00 kg·hm-2, and N4 at 276.00 kg·hm-2, were applied on the first crop. The fields were followed with a 160.50 kg·hm-2 application rate for the ratooning. The results showed that higher N fertilizations increased the tiller number, dry matter accumulation, and transporting of storage substances to the grains, but large amount nitrogen use decreased the N agricultural use efficiency (NAUE) on the first crop. The grain yields increased by 12.12% to 23.35% over that of N0 due to the fertilizations, with the greatest production achieved by N3. The panicle count and spikelets per panicle increased with the rate increases before reaching N4 level. For the ratoon crop, the increases on grain yield ranged from 1.61% to 5.54% as compared with N0. N4 also caused a yield reduction of 4.73% over control. The panicle count of the ratoon crop decreased with rising N application, while the spikelets per panicle increased. It appeared that a N fertilization of 174.12 kg·hm-2 for the first crop followed by 160.50 kg·hm-2 for the ratoon crop could maximize the combined grain production.
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Key words:
- nitrogen /
- ratoon-rice /
- growth /
- grain production
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图 1 不同施氮水平下头季茎蘖消长动态
Figure 1. Growth of stems and tillers of rice plants treated with different N fertilizations in first crop
图 2 产量与头季施用氮肥量的关系
Figure 2. Correlation between grain yield and N application rate on first crop
表 1 不同处理氮肥施用方法
Table 1. Rates and times of N fertilization
[单位/(kg·hm-2)] 处理 头季 再生季 总计 移栽后7 d 移栽后30 d 拔节期 剑叶露尖 收获前10 d 收获后7 d 收获后2 1d 头季 再生季 N0 0 0 0 0 69.00 69.00 22.50 0 160.50 N1 34.5 17.25 17.25 0 69.00 69.00 22.50 69.00 160.50 N2 69.00 34.50 34.50 0 69.00 69.00 22.50 138.00 160.50 N3 103.50 51.75 34.50 17.25 69.00 69.00 22.50 207.00 160.50 N4 138.00 69.00 34.50 34.50 69.00 69.00 22.50 276.00 160.50 
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表 2 不同施氮水平下头季干物质净积累量
Table 2. Net dry matter accumulation on rice plants treated with different N fertilizations in first crop
[单位/(g·m-2)] 处理 移栽~拔节 拔节~齐穗 齐穗~成熟 贮藏物质输出量 表观转化率/% 叶片 茎鞘 叶片 茎鞘 穗 叶片 茎鞘 穗 N0 149.38c 146.19e 160.33bc 412.84c 168.50d -67.75c -103.79e 637.50c 171.54d 26.91b N1 163.38b 179.16d 161.75b 433.64b 194.78c -72.50b -118.81d 685.47b 191.31c 27.91b N2 169.46b 206.08c 166.33ab 452.15b 217.67b -76.25a -130.57c 737.66a 206.82b 28.04b N3 191.88a 225.75b 168.50a 516.16a 239.83a -78.09a -147.17a 765.75a 225.26a 29.42a N4 198.79a 264.24a 171.34a 457.84b 224.34b -73.75b -137.92b 750.74a 211.67b 28.19ab 注：同列数据后不同小写字母表明在5%水平上差异显著，下同。
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表 3 头季产量和产量构成因素、氮素农学利用率
Table 3. Grain yield, yield components and NAUE of first crop
季别 处理 穗数/
(万穗·hm-2)总粒数 实粒数 结实率
/%千粒重
/g产量/
(kg·hm-2)氮农学利用率
/%头季 N0 177.30c 188.90bc 166.97b 88.37a 25.69a 7508.55c - N1 196.65b 193.83ab 171.63b 88.50a 25.74a 8481.45b 14.10a N2 207.15b 201.40a 180.33a 89.53a 25.55a 9106.50a 11.58b N3 224.70a 189.03bc 170.37b 90.10a 25.47a 9261.45a 8.47c N4 232.95a 182.07c 162.87b 89.47a 25.22a 9066.45a 5.64d
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表 4 再生季产量和产量构成因素、氮素农学利用率
Table 4. Yield, yield components, and NAUE of ratoon crop
季别 处理 穗数/
(万穗·hm-2)总粒数 实粒数 结实率
/%千粒重
/g产量/
(kg·hm-2)氮农学利用率
/%再生季 N0 396.60a 77.77c 65.97b 84.83a 24.53a 5877.00b - N1 369.00b 87.97b 73.33a 83.43a 24.30a 6202.50a 4.72a N2 351.60bc 89.73b 74.47a 82.97ab 24.23a 6054.45ab 1.28b N3 334.05cd 93.40ab 75.67a 81.03b 24.08a 5971.50ab 0.46c N4 313.20d 96.70a 78.17a 80.83b 24.01a 5599.05c -1.01d
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