Formulated Fertilizers Added to Soil-free Media for Tomato Seedlings Grown Under Salt Stress
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摘要: 采用正交试验设计方法，以草炭、蛭石、珍珠岩（重量比3：1：1）为育苗基质，并配施生物有机肥、三元复合肥（N-P2O5-K2O，15-15-15）和硅钙肥等基质营养，研究不同肥料配方的育苗基质分别在0（对照）、100 mmol·L-1 NaCl下对“石头168”番茄幼苗生长生理特征的影响。结果表明，相比其他育苗营养基质处理，营养基质﹟8（有机肥12.5 g·kg-1、三元复合肥5.4 g·kg-1和硅钙肥0.54 g·kg-1）所育番茄苗的壮苗指数、根系干物质量、地上部分植株干物质量及叶绿素a/b等生长生理参数均表现较优，分别为1.199、1.000 g·株-1、10.700 g·株-1、1.065 mg·（g·FW）-1；营养基质﹟4（有机肥6.75 g·kg-1、三元复合肥2.70 g·kg-1和硅钙肥1.08 g·kg-1）的番茄幼苗植株生长速度相对较快，而叶片电解质相对外渗率则较低。因此，﹟8（有机肥12.5 g·kg-1、三元复合肥5.4 g·kg-1和硅钙肥0.54 g·kg-1）和﹟4（有机肥6.75 g·kg-1、三元复合肥2.70 g·kg-1和硅钙肥1.08 g·kg-1）番茄育苗营养基质均能明显改善幼苗的抗盐生长生理性状。Abstract: An orthogonal experiment was conducted on soil-free media with differently formulated fertilizations for cultivating seedlings of Solanumon lycopersicum under salt stress. It aimed to develop an optimally formulated fertilizer that could maximize the resistance to salt stress for the tomato plantlets. The basic medium used in the lab experimentation was a mixture of peat/vermiculite/pearlite in a 3/1/1 ratio by mass. An organic fertilizer, a compounded 15/15/15 NPK fertilizer, or a calcium silicate fertilizer at varied rates was added to the medium. An artificial salinity was created by using a 100 mmol·L-1 NaCl solution for the planting irrigation, as compared to control with tap water.The morphological and physiological responses of the tomato seedlings under the cultural conditions were observed and compared. The results indicated that the seedlings grown on Medium No.8, which contained NPK fertilizer 5.4 g·kg-1, organic fertilizer 12.5 g·kg-1, and calcium silicate fertilizer 0.54 g·kg-1, showed a growth with high seedling index (1.199), root dry mass (1.00 g·plant-1), above ground dry biomass (10.70 g·plant-1), and chlorophyll a/b (1.065 mg·g-1FW), while those grown on Medium No.4, which consisted of NPK fertilizer 2.70 g·kg-1, organic fertilizer 6.75 g·kg-1, and calcium silicate fertilizer 1.08 g·kg-1, exhibited a relatively high plant height increasing rates and low electrolyte leakages. It appeared that the two combinations for the fertilization as tested might be potentially applicable for the seedling cultivation under salt stress.
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Key words:
- salt tolerance /
- fertilizer formulations /
- growth traits /
- chlorophyll /
- electrolyte leakage
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图 1 不同配方肥料在无土基质中对番茄幼苗叶片电解质相对外渗率的影响
注：同盐分(或无盐分)处理不同小写字母表示不同育苗营养基质间显著差异性水平(P<0.05)；同一育苗营养基质下不同大写字母表示NaCl处理和未经NaCl处理间显著差异性水平(P < 0.05)。
Figure 1. Effect of fertilizations for soil-free culture on electrolyte leakage of S.lycopersicum seedlings under salt stress
表 1 正交试验L9(33)各处理的施肥种类及用量
Table 1. Orthogonal experiment design on fertilizations for pot culture
处理 肥料用量/(g·kg-1) 有机肥 三元复合肥 硅钙肥 #1 4.05 2.70 0.54 #2 4.05 5.40 1.08 #3 4.05 8.10 2.16 #4 6.75 2.70 1.08 #5 6.75 5.40 2.16 #6 6.75 8.10 0.54 #7 12.15 2.70 2.16 #8 12.15 5.40 0.54 #9 12.15 8.10 1.08 
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表 2 不同配方肥料在无土基质中对盐分条件下番茄苗期植株形态指标的影响
Table 2. Effect of fertilizations for soil-free culture on growth performance of S. lycopersicum seedlings under salt stress
营养基质 叶长/cm 叶宽/cm 株高/cm 茎粗/mm 根鲜重/g 根干重/g 地上部鲜重/g 地上部干重/g 全株鲜重/g 全株干重/g 根冠比 壮苗指数 #1 8.1e 3.9cd 81.2e 5.76i 1.82h 0.61f 55.79e 9.58d 57.61e 10.19d 0.064f 0.723h #2 8.7bc 4.2ab 74.0i 7.06e 2.44e 0.73d 50.62g 7.54h 53.06g 8.27h 0.097a 0.880f #3 9.0a 4.1bc 81.8d 7.80b 1.91g 0.66e 48.43h 7.89g 50.34h 8.55g 0.078d 0.744g #4 8.9ab 4.3ab 87.7b 7.12d 2.80b 0.83b 54.75f 9.16e 57.54f 9.99e 0.090c 0.990c #5 8.5cd 3.9cd 85.0c 6.80g 2.52d 0.82b 66.48a 10.51b 69.00a 11.33b 0.078d 0.979d #6 8.1e 3.7d 78.5g 6.20h 1.47i 0.44g 41.89i 6.61i 43.36i 7.05i 0.067e 0.527i #7 8.4d 4.4a 88.5a 7.86a 2.05f 0.79c 62.91d 10.16c 64.96d 10.95c 0.077d 0.944e #8 8.7bc 3.9cd 78.0h 7.46c 2.59c 1.00a 63.43c 10.70a 66.02c 11.70a 0.093b 1.199a #9 8.8ab 3.9cd 79.0f 6.86f 4.19a 0.83b 64.68b 8.75f 68.87b 9.58f 0.095ab 0.997b 注：同列数据后不同小写字母表示不同育苗营养基质间显著差异性水平(P < 0.05)，下表同。
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表 3 不同配方肥料在无土基质中对番茄幼苗相对生长速度的影响
Table 3. Effect of fertilizations for soil-free culture on plant height increasing rate of S. lycopersicum seedlings
营养基质 相对生长速度/(cm·d-1) NaCl处理前 NaCl处理后 #1 2.10fA 1.18bB #2 2.02gA 0.59hB #3 2.21eA 1.19bB #4 2.55aA 1.24aB #5 2.42bA 1.07dB #6 1.98hA 0.74gB #7 2.29cA 1.13cB #8 2.29cA 0.98eB #9 2.25dA 0.89fB 注：同列数据后不同小写字母表示不同育苗营养基质间显著差异性水平(P < 0.05)；同一行不同大写字母表示NaCl处理和未经NaCl处理间显著差异性水平(P < 0.05)，下表同。
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表 4 不同配方肥料在无土基质中对盐分条件下番茄苗期植株各组织含水率的影响
Table 4. Effect of fertilizations for soil-free culture on moisture content in tissues of S.lycopersicum seedlings under salt stress
营养基质 含水率/% 根系 地上部分 全株 #1 66.37g 82.83i 82.31h #2 70.08c 85.10b 84.41b #3 67.80e 83.71f 83.10f #4 70.20b 83.27g 82.65g #5 67.30f 84.19d 83.57d #6 69.93d 84.22c 83.74c #7 61.66h 83.85e 83.15e #8 61.58i 83.13h 82.29h #9 80.10a 86.47a 86.08a
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表 5 不同配方肥料在无土基质中对番茄幼苗叶绿素含量的影响
Table 5. Effect of fertilizations for soil-free culture on chlorophyll content in leaves of S. lycopersicum seedlings under salt stress
营养基质 NaCl/
(mmol·L-1)叶绿素a
/(mg·g-1FW)叶绿素b
/(mg·g-1FW)叶绿素(a+b)
/(mg·g-1FW)叶绿素a/b
/(mg·g-1FW)#1 0 1.037gA 0.562iA 1.599iA 1.845bB 100 1.001fB 0.503fB 1.504fB 1.990bA #2 0 1.119eA 0.723dA 1.842dA 1.548fB 100 0.797hB 0.450hB 1.246hB 1.772gA #3 0 1.055fA 0.567hA 1.622hA 1.861aA 100 0.683iB 0.367iB 1.050iB 1.860cA #4 0 1.120eA 0.621gA 1.741gA 1.804cB 100 0.905gB 0.488gB 1.393gB 1.853dA #5 0 1.153cA 0.670fA 1.822fA 1.722dB 100 1.089dB 0.594cB 1.683cB 1.834eA #6 0 1.198abA 1.066bA 2.264bA 1.123hB 100 1.103bB 0.765bB 1.868bB 1.442iA #7 0 1.128dA 0.702eA 1.830eA 1.607eB 100 1.071eB 0.588dB 1.659dB 1.823fA #8 0 1.196bA 1.122aA 2.318aA 1.065iB 100 1.098cB 0.547eB 1.644eB 2.009aA #9 0 1.199aA 1.046cA 2.244cA 1.146gB 100 1.178aB 0.803aB 1.981aB 1.467hA 注：同列同盐分(或无盐分)处理不同小写字母表示不同育苗营养基质间显著差异性水平(P < 0.05)；同一育苗营养基质的同列不同大写字母表示NaCl处理和未经NaCl处理间显著差异性水平(P < 0.05)。
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