玉米出籽率性状多世代联合遗传分析

李洪涛; 许瀚元; 迟铭; 华国栋; 王军

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2017.011.002

玉米出籽率性状多世代联合遗传分析

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2017.011.002

江苏省连云港市农业科学院, 江苏连云港 222006

基金项目:

连云港市科技计划项目 CN1501

连云港市科技计划项目 NYYQ1618

连云港市农业科学院青年基金项目 QNJJ1718

连云港市农业科学院青年基金项目 QNJJ1707

江苏省农业“三新”工程 SXGC[2017]097

详细信息

作者简介:
李洪涛(1987-), 男, 硕士, 助理研究员, 主要从事玉米遗传育种和栽培技术研究(E-mail:502803218@qq.com)

通讯作者:
王军(1982-), 男, 硕士, 副研究员, 主要从事作物遗传育种研究(E-mail:58980883@qq.com)

中图分类号: S513
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2017-06-05
- 修回日期: 2017-08-31
- 刊出日期: 2017-11-28

Joint Multi-Generation Genetic Analysis on Kernelling Rate of Maize

Lianyungang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222006, China

摘要

摘要: 玉米出籽率是影响果穗同化产物分配状况的重要指标，与单穗产量密切相关，研究其遗传规律对玉米高产育种具有重要的指导意义。本研究以出籽率存在显著差异的2个普通玉米自交系组配的P₁、P₂、F₁、BC₁、BC₂、F₂6个世代为试验材料，运用主基因+多基因遗传模型分析方法进行分析。结果表明，玉米出籽率的遗传受2对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性多基因共同控制；2对主基因和多基因的加性效应与显性效应均表现为增效，加性×加性互作、显性×显性互作、加性×显性互作、显性×加性互作等上位性效应均表现为减效；BC₁、BC₂、F₂主基因的遗传率分别为54.05%、36.26%、48.83%，BC₁、BC₂、F₂多基因的遗传率分别为26.45%、46.36%、31.43%，主基因+多基因总遗传率为81.13%；由此说明主基因与多基因在控制玉米出籽率遗传特性上都具有重要作用，以主基因遗传为主，非加性基因效应大于加性基因效应，同时环境因素对出籽率性状具有一定影响。本研究将为玉米出籽率性状的基因定位和选择育种提供理论指导。
- 玉米 /
- 出籽率 /
- 主基因+多基因 /
- 遗传
Abstract: The kernelling rate of maize is an indicator of the as similation product distribution of the plant. It closely relates to the kernel count on an ear of maize, or the plant yield. To understand the inheritance of maize would be of significant interest inbreeding high yield varieties.Six generations, i.e., P₁, P₂, F₁, BC₁, BC₂, and F₂, from the cross L055 Qi319 were studied using the mixed major genesand ploygene inheritance model. The results showed that maize kernelling rate was controlled by two major genes with additive-dominance-epistatic effects as well as polygene with additive-dominant effects. The additive-dominant effects of the two major genes and polygene could increase the rate, while the epistatic effect decreased it.The major gene heritability of BC₁, BC₂, and F₂ were 54.05%, 36.26% and 48.83%, respectively; while the polygene, 26.45%, 46.36% and 31.43%, respectively.The combined heritability of major genes and polygene was 81.13%.They were all important on the inheritance of kernelling rate, which was mainly governed by the major genes, affected more strongly by the non-additive than the additivegene effect, and somewhat influenced by the environmental conditions.
- maize /
- kernelling rate /
- major gene and polygene /
- inheritance

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图 1 各世代群体的出籽率均值及次数分布

注：A为均值与标准差；图中世代P₁为L055，P₂为齐319，F₁为L055×齐319，BC₁为L055/齐319//L055，B₂为L055/齐319/齐319，F₂为L055×齐319。B为BC₁世代，图中a~o出籽率分别为83.22%~83.76%、83.76%~84.29%、84.29%~84.83%、84.83%~85.36%、85.36%~85.90%、85.90%~86.43%、86.43%~86.97%、86.97%~87.50%、87.50%~88.04%、88.04%~88.58%、88.58%~89.11%、89.11%~89.65%、89.65%~90.18%、90.18%~90.72%、90.72%~81.25%。C为BC₂世代，图中a~o出籽率分别为74.29%~75.42%、75.42%~76.56%、76.56%~77.69%、77.69%~78.82%、78.82%~79.05%、79.05%~81.09%、81.09%~82.22%、82.22%~83.35%、83.35%~84.49%、84.49%~85.62%、85.62%~86.75%、86.75%~87.80%、87.80%~89.02%、89.02%~90.15%、90.15%~91.28%。D为F₂世代，图中a~o出籽率分别为77.08%~77.97%、77.97%~78.86%、78.86%~79.75%、79.75%~80.64%、80.64%~81.53%、81.53%~82.42%、82.42%~83.31%、83.31%~84.20%、84.20%~85.09%、85.09%~85.98%、85.98%~86.87%、86.87%~87.76%、87.76%~88.65%、88.65%~89.55%、89.55%~90.44%。

Figure 1. Average kernelling rates and frequency distributionsof crossed maize plantsindifferent generations

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表 1 玉米出籽率各遗传模型的AIC值

Table 1. AIC estimates by different genetic models on kernelling rateof maize

模型	遗传模式	AIC值
A-1	1MG-AD	2873.8956
B-1	2MG-ADI	2460.3512
B-5	2MG-AED	2574.2292
D	MX1-AD-ADI	2417.316
D-4	MX1-AEND-AD	2548.5771
E-3	MX2-A-AD	2520.7378
A-2	1MG-A	5055.9528
B-2	2MG-AD	2811.2523
B-6	2MG-EEAD	2941.7072
D-1	MX1-AD-AD	2562.3923
E	MX2-ADI-ADI	2406.9714
E-4	MX2-EA-AD	2550.8484
A-3	1MG-EAD	2740.0595
B-3	2MG-A	4746.3563
C	PG-ADI	2414.1024
D-2	MX1-A-AD	2547.3773
E-1	MX2-ADI-AD	2405.9635
E-5	MX2-AED-AD	2494.9728
A-4	1MG-AEND	3227.5245
B-4	2MG-EA	4755.3912
C-1	PG-AD	2608.6915
D-3	MX1-EAD-AD	2502.5794
E-2	MX2-AD-AD	2497.8477
E-6	MX2-EEAD-AD	2492.9741
注：MG：主基因；A：加性效应；E：等于；D：显性效应；N负向；I：互作(上位性效应)；P G：多基因；MX：主基因+多基因。如E模型(MX2-ADI-ADI)：2对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因混合遗传。

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表 2 玉米出籽率遗传模型的适合性检验

Table 2. Test for goodness-of-fit on genetic models for kernelling rate of maize

候选模型	世代	U₁²	U₂²	U₃²	_nW²	D_n
C	P₁	1.1679(0.2798)	1.3124(0.252)	0.1575(0.6914)	0.1392(>0.05)	0.023(>0.05)
	F₁	0.0241(0.8766)	0.1372(0.7111)	0.7745(0.3788)	0.0829(>0.05)	0.0294(>0.05)
	P₂	0.336(0.5621)	0.3059(0.5802)	0.0011(0.974)	0.0497(>0.05)	0.0527(>0.05)
	BC₁	0.0037(0.9518)	0.0154(0.9012)	0.5339(0.465)	0.0612(>0.05)	0.0038(>0.05)
	BC₂	1.7049(0.1916)	0.8294(0.3624)	2.7796(0.0473)^*	0.2369(>0.05)	0.006(>0.05)
	F₂	1.1315(0.2874)	1.5524(0.2128)	0.7465(0.3876)	0.1549(>0.05)	0.0081(>0.05)
D	P₁	0.0033(0.9542)	0.0126(0.9106)	0.0513(0.8208)	0.024(>0.05)	0.0359(>0.05)
	F₁	0.2704(0.603)	0.4773(0.4897)	0.5615(0.4537)	0.1177(>0.05)	0.0285(>0.05)
	P₂	0.0119(0.9132)	0.0133(0.9082)	0.0015(0.9689)	0.024(>0.05)	0.0402(>0.05)
	BC₁	0.0118(0.9134)	0(0.9984)	0.1844(0.6676)	0.0263(>0.05)	0.0052(>0.05)
	BC₂	0.006(0.9381)	0.2837(0.5943)	3.3488(0.0375)^*	0.1146(>0.05)	0.0056(>0.05)
	F₂	0.048(0.8265)	0.0035(0.953)	0.3758(0.5398)	0.0246(>0.05)	0.0071(>0.05)
E	P₁	0.0033(0.9542)	0.0126(0.9106)	0.0513(0.8208)	0.024(>0.05)	0.0359(>0.05)
	F₁	0.2704(0.603)	0.4773(0.4897)	0.5615(0.4537)	0.1177(>0.05)	0.0285(>0.05)
	P₂	0.0119(0.9132)	0.0133(0.9082)	0.0015(0.9689)	0.024(>0.05)	0.0402(>0.05)
	BC₁	0.5117(0.4744)	0.3029(0.5821)	0.3237(0.5694)	0.2143(>0.05)	0.0075(>0.05)
	BC₂	0.2232(0.6366)	0.0144(0.9045)	1.8216(0.1771)	0.1546(>0.05)	0.0038(>0.05)
	F₂	0.3596(0.5487)	0.064(0.8003)	1.7174(0.19)	0.1095(>0.05)	0.0132(>0.05)
E-1	P₁	0.0033(0.9542)	0.0126(0.9106)	0.0513(0.8208)	0.024(>0.05)	0.0359(>0.05)
	F₁	0.2704(0.603)	0.4773(0.4897)	0.5615(0.4537)	0.1177(>0.05)	0.0285(>0.05)
	P₂	0.0119(0.9132)	0.0133(0.9082)	0.0015(0.9689)	0.024(>0.05)	0.0402(>0.05)
	BC₁	0.5117(0.4744)	0.3028(0.5821)	0.324(0.5692)	0.2143(>0.05)	0.0075(>0.05)
	BC₂	0.2137(0.6439)	0.0049(0.944)	2.278(0.1312)	0.1655(>0.05)	0.0038(>0.05)
	F₂	0.2861(0.5927)	0.0461(0.83)	1.4705(0.2253)	0.0902(>0.05)	0.0116(>0.05)
注：U₁²、U₂²、U₃²为均匀性检验统计量，_nW²为Smirnov检验统计量，D_n为Kolmogorov检验统计量。表示在0.05水平差异显著(P < 0.05)，*表示在0.01水平差异显著(P < 0.01)。

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表 3 玉米出籽率最佳遗传模型遗传参数估计值

Table 3. Estimates of genetic parameters on kernelling rate of maizeby best-fit model

一阶遗传参数	估计值	二阶遗传参数	世代	估计值
m	82.5679	σ_p2	BC₁	1.9463
d_a	1.7208	σ_mg²		1.052
d_b	1.7208	σ_pg²		0.5148
h_a	2.6451	h_mg²(%)		54.05
h_b	2.6450	h_pg²(%)		26.45
h_a/d_a	1.5371	σ_p²	BC₂	5.2171
h_b/d_b	1.5370	σ_mg²		1.8919
i	-0.2445	σ_pg²		2.4186
j_ab	-1.3506	h_mg²(%)		36.26
j_ba	-1.3506	h_pg²(%)		46.36
l	-4.6674	σ_p²	F₂	4.7611
[d]	2.3491	σ_mg²		2.4225
[h]	6.6285	σ_pg²		1.4436
[h]/[d]	2.8217	h_mg²(%)		48.83
		h_pg²(%)		31.43
		h²(%)		81.13
注：m是群体平均数；d、h、i、j、l分别代表主基因的加性效应、显性效应、加性与加性互作效应、加性与显性互作效应、显性与显性互作效应；a和b分别代表第1对和第2对主基因；h/d代表显性度；[d]、[h]分别代表多基因的加性效应、显性效应；σ_p2、σ_mg2、σ_pg2分别代表表型方差、主基因方差、多基因方差；h_mg2(%)、h_pg2(%)、h²(%)分别代表主基因遗传率、多基因遗传率、总遗传率(主基因遗传率+多基因遗传率)。

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