Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal on Growth and Physiology of Cucumber Seedlings Under Cd-stress
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摘要: 采用基质栽培的方法，通过添加2个浓度（0.2、0.4 mmol·L-1）的Cd2+，研究AM菌根育苗基质对Cd胁迫下黄瓜幼苗生长、光合及叶绿素荧光参数和活性氧代谢的影响。结果表明：在Cd胁迫下黄瓜幼苗的生长、光合作用以及光合系统活性均受显著抑制，而抗氧化酶活性显著提高，且表现为较高浓度的Cd胁迫下的幼苗生长和生理特性受抑制情况更严重；经菌根基质育苗的幼苗在不同浓度Cd胁迫下，均表现为叶面积、根系活力和地下干鲜重显著提高；叶片的Pn、Gs和Tr显著提高，Ci显著降低；叶片Fv/Fm、ETR、qP、фPSII显著提高，NPQ显著降低；POD、CAT等抗氧化酶活性进一步提高，而细胞MDA含量和O2产生速率显著降低。结果表明AM菌根可缓解黄瓜幼苗在Cd胁迫下所受到的生长抑制，并降低光合系统及细胞遭受的伤害，且对于较低浓度（0.2 mmol·L-1）Cd胁迫的缓解作用更好。Abstract: Effect of nursery substrates inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal on the growth and physiological characteristics of cucumber seedlings under Cd-stress was studied. Two levels of Cd, i.e., 0.2 and 0.4 mmol·L-1, were artificially imposed on the substrate during the experimentation for observation. The results showed that the growth, photosynthesis and photosynthetic activity of the seedlings were inhibited, while the antioxidant enzymatic activities increased significantly under the Cd-stresses. The inhibitions were more pronounced with higher addition ofCd. On the other hand, with the aid of arbuscular mycorrhizal, the leaf area, root activity and underground dry weight of the seedlings cultivated under the Cd-stress increased dramatically. Meanwhile, Pn, Gs and Tr improved significantly, Ci decreased significantly, Fv/Fm, ETR, qP and фPSII improved significantly, and NPQ decreased significantly; while, the activities of POD and CAT were enhanced, and the O2 producing rate and MDA content decreased. It appeared that arbuscular mycorrhizal could alleviate the growth inhibition effects and decrease the damage to the photosynthetic system on the cucumber seedlings due to Cd-stress, especially, when the stress was less severe at a low level, such as 0.2 mmol·L-1.
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表 1 丛枝菌根基质对Cd胁迫下黄瓜幼苗生长的影响
Table 1. Effect of substrates inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal on the growth of cumcuber seedling under Cadmium stress
处理 株高/cm 茎粗/cm 叶面积/cm2 根系活力/
(μg·g-1·h-1)CK 65.52±2.92a 1.08±0.02a 47.22±1.55a 186.25±4.50a Cd1 52.46±0.90b 0.92±0.01b 39.26±0.74c 119.63±8.93c Cd1+AM 56.81±0.60b 0.95±0.01b 43.46±0.40b 151.79±4.42b Cd2 49.63±0.99b 0.89±0.11b 35.59±0.82b 117.11±6.78c Cd2+ AM 52.84±0.29b 0.92±0.01b 37.92±0.96b 141.43±3.47b 注：同列数据后不同小写字母表示差异达显著(P < 0.05)水平。表 2~5同。 
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表 2 丛枝菌根基质对Cd胁迫下黄瓜幼苗生长量的影响
Table 2. Effect of substrate inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal on growth of cucumber seedlings under Cd-stress
处理 地上部鲜重
/g地上部干重
/g地下部鲜重
/g地下部干重
/g根冠比 CK 96.38±1.86a 8.07±0.15a 10.18±0.17a 0.93±0.03a 0.115±0.0004a Cd1 81.56±3.16b 7.10±0.08c 8.06±0.09c 0.75±0.02c 0.106±0.0006c Cd1+ AM 91.33±0.65a 7.59±0.15b 8.75±0.17b 0.83±0.01b 0.109±0.0007b Cd2 73.96±1.11c 6.87±0.10b 7.16±0.09c 0.63±0.02c 0.092±0.0086b Cd2+ AM 81.66±0.48b 7.33±0.05b 8.03±0.05b 0.73±0.02b 0.010±0.0008ab
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表 3 丛枝菌根基质对Cd胁迫下黄瓜幼苗光合参数的影响
Table 3. Effect of substrates inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal on photosynthetic parameters in leaves of cumcuber seedling under Cadmium stress
处理 净光合速率Pn
/(μmol·m-2·s-1)气孔导度Gs
/(μmol·m-2·s-1)蒸腾速率Tr
/(mmol·m-2·s-1)胞间CO2浓度Ci
/(μL·L-1)CK 14.91±0.34a 0.194±0.004a 8.250±0.22a 237.75±7.70c Cd1 12.19±0.18b 0.176±0.003b 5.460±0.29c 307.57±7.11a Cd1+ AM 13.20±0.34b 0.186±0.003ab 6.903±0.08b 269.13±6.28b Cd2 10.89±0.08c 0.167±0.003c 5.037±0.47c 336.29±3.91a Cd2+ AM 12.49±0.27b 0.180±0.001b 6.373±0.26b 276.51±1.44b
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表 4 丛枝菌根基质对Cd胁迫下黄瓜幼苗叶绿素荧光参数的影响
Table 4. Effect of substrates inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in leaves of cumcuber seedling under Cadmium stress
处理 叶色指数 PSⅡ的最大光
化学效率光合电子
传递速率PSⅡ实际
量子效率光化学
淬灭系数非光化学
淬灭系数CK 43.39±1.46a 0.824±0.004a 46.20±0.58a 0.583±0.010a 0.833±0.009a 0.247±0.009c Cd1 36.52±0.91b 0.779±0.009b 33.51±1.37c 0.473±0.050c 0.750±0.006c 0.343±0.009a Cd1+ AM 39.80±0.43b 0.805±0.002a 39.51±0.67b 0.530±0.006b 0.793±0.007b 0.283±0.009b Cd2 34.81±0.56c 0.750±0.009c 29.64±0.49c 0.417±0.009c 0.687±0.019c 0.400±0.015a Cd2+ AM 38.22±0.70b 0.789±0.006b 35.67±0.87b 0.487±0.012b 0.750±0.006b 0.343±0.007b
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表 5 丛枝菌根基质对Cd胁迫下黄瓜幼苗叶片活性氧代谢的影响
Table 5. Effect of substrates inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal on metabolism of reactive oxygen species in leaves of cumcuber seedling under Cadmium stress
处理 SOD
/(U·g-1FW)POD
/(U·g-1FW)CAT
/(U·g-1FW)$ \text{O}_{2}^{\underline{\cdot }} $
/(nmol·min-1 ·g-1 FW)MDA
/(μmol·g-1FW)CK 83.36±1.68b 208.29±4.29c 107.79±2.93c 0.70±0.01c 4.72±0.08b Cd1 51.71±4.85c 311.80±6.52b 146.79±4.40b 0.94±0.02a 6.52±0.37a Cd1+ AM 124.58±3.91a 367.80±11.17a 163.57±3.41a 0.83±0.02b 5.30±0.23b Cd2 44.95±1.83c 265.08±4.48b 139.04±1.84b 1.14±0.05a 7.45±0.32a Cd2+ AM 103.16±3.05a 301.44±1.53a 161.04±1.98a 0.89±0.01b 6.01±0.08b
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