Composition and Dynamic Changes of Bacterial Community During Traditional Hongqu Glutinous Rice Winemaking
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摘要: 采用变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)技术、克隆文库技术和限制酶切片段长度多态性(RFLP)等相结合的方法,探究了红曲黄酒传统酿造过程中的细菌菌群结构及其动态变化。变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)试验结果表明,在传统酿造过程中的初期阶段的优势菌株包括植物乳杆菌Lactobacillus plantarum、戊糖片球菌Pediococcus pentosaceus和短乳杆菌Lactobacillus brevis,随着酿造时间的增加,植物乳杆菌将逐渐占据绝对优势;利用限制酶切片段长度多态性(RFLP)技术对16S rDNA文库中的克隆子进行酶切分型,共得到19种RFLP图谱类型,测序鉴定结果与变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)结果相似,但16S rDNA克隆文库分析检测到了戊糖片球菌Pediococcus pentosaceus,该菌未见于变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)结果中。变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)技术、克隆文库技术和限制酶切片段长度多态性(RFLP)等多种方法相结合,有助于更为全面、客观地研究红曲黄酒传统酿造体系中的细菌群落结构及多样性。Abstract: Composition and dynamic changes of the bacterial community during the traditional Hong Qu glutinous rice winemaking were studied using PCR-denaturing gradient gel electropherisis (DGGE), clone library analysis and restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP). Sequences of 9 bacteria strains were obtained by DGGE spectrogram. Through cloning and sequencing, it was found that Lactobacillus plantarum, Pediococcus pentosaceu and Lactobacillus brevis were the dominant bacteria during the initial fermentation stage. The RFLP fingerprints showed that 16S rDNA clone libraries had 19 band patterns. Sequencing of different OTUs revealed that L. plantarum, P. pentosaceus, L. brevis and Lactobacillus pentosus presented in the wine during the entire process, but L. plantarum prevailed at the end. By using various molecular biology methods simultaneously to examine the microbial community in winemaking, a comprehensive and objective profile was obtained.
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Key words:
- hongqu glutinous rice wine /
- traditional brewing /
- bacterial community
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表 1 多样性指标分析说明
Table 1. Description on diversity index analysis
指标名称 测度多样性
的着重点概述 计算公式 Coverage C 库容大小 值越接近1,文库越完整 Coverage C=1-n1/N Evenness指数(E) 均匀度 值越大,菌种组分布越均匀,没有特别突出的菌株 $E = {{H\prime } \over {H{\prime _{min}}}}$,其中H′min=lnS Shannon-Wierner指数(H’) 物种多样性 值越大,多样性越好 $H\prime = - \mathop \sum \limits_{i = 1}^S {p_i}ln{p_i}$ Simpson指数(D) 物种多样性/优势度 值越大,多样性越好,突出的优势菌越少 $D = 1 - \mathop \sum \limits_{i = 1}^S {p_i}^2$ Margalef指数(d) 物种多样性 值越大,多样性越好 $d = {{S - 1} \over {lnN}}$ 注:N代表 16S rDNA克隆文库的库容,n1则代表在16S rDNA克隆文库仅出现过一次的OTU(Operational taxonomic unit)的数量,pi表示第i个OTU在克隆文库中所占的比例,S表示克隆文库中OTU的数目。 表 2 DGGE谱图中相关电泳条带的测序鉴定结果
Table 2. DNA sequencing results associated electrophoretic bands of DGGE spectrum
条带
标号菌株名称 相似度
/%NCBI数据库中相似度
最高的基因序列登录号1 Lactobacillus plantarum 100 AB494721 2 Lactobacillus brevis 99 AB494718 3 Pediococcus pentosaceus 100 AB494722 4 Lactobacillus brevis 100 AB494718 5 Pediococcus pentosaceus 98 AB494722 6 Pediococcus pentosaceus 100 AB494722 7 Pediococcus pentosaceus 98 AB494722 9 Cronobacter sakazakii 100 GU586322 10 Enterobacter sp. 100 GU586319 表 3 16S rDNA克隆文库种群多样性分析
Table 3. Species diversity analysis on 16S rDNA clone libraries
样品号 克隆数 OTU数 Coverage C Evenness指数 Shannon-wien指数 Simpson指数 Margalef指数 B1 77 15 0.96 0.89 2.40 0.89 3.21 B20 115 12 0.98 0.76 1.90 0.78 2.29 B46 70 4 0.97 0.54 0.75 0.46 0.71 表 4 16S rDNA克隆文库中不同细菌的变化趋势
Table 4. Composition and dynamic changes of bacteria community as revealed by analysis of 16 s rDNA clone library
菌名 各个时期相对比例/% 酿造初期
(第1 d)酿造中期
(第20 d)酿造后期
(第46 d)Lactobacillus plantarum 28.6 77.4 98.6 Pediococcus pentosaceus 71.4 12.2 1.4 Lactobacillus brevis 0 9.6 0 Lactobacillus pentosus 0 0.9 0 -
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