Effect of Antimicrobial Lipopeptides in Fishmeal on Nutritional Composition of Meat from Darkbarbel Catfish (Pelteobagrus vachelli)
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摘要: 在基础配合饲料中添加0.5%、1%、2%、4%抗菌脂肽,饲养瓦氏黄颡鱼8周,对其肌肉一般营养成分、氨基酸营养、脂肪酸营养进行分析比较。结果表明抗菌脂肽对瓦氏黄颡鱼肌肉蛋白质、灰分含量无显著影响(P>0.05)。瓦氏黄颡鱼是氨基酸组成均衡性较好(EAAI>75、EAA/NEAA>79%)的优质水产品,富含Glu、Asp、Arg等有助于术后病人康复的氨基酸。Lys含量较为富余,适当摄入可平衡谷物中Lys短缺,第一限制性氨基酸为Met+Cys。4% 范围内添加抗菌脂肽对瓦氏黄颡鱼氨基酸组成无显著性影响(P>0.05),EAAI随着AMI添加量增加逐渐降低,但仍高于75%。瓦氏黄颡鱼肌肉脂肪酸主要组成种类不少于11种,其中饱和脂肪酸3种、单不饱和脂肪酸4种、多不饱和脂肪酸4种,不饱和脂肪酸相对含量均较高,富含多不饱和脂肪酸(二十碳四烯酸、EPA、DHA)。在4%添加范围内,抗菌脂肽对瓦氏黄颡鱼肌肉脂肪酸组成无明显影响。Abstract: Effect of antimicrobial lipopeptides (AML) in fishmeal on the nutritional composition of the meat from Darkbarbel catfish (Pelteobagrus vachelli) was studied. Five diets incorporated with 0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4% of AML were used to feed randomly selected 4 groups of fish comprising 20 individuals each for 8 weeks. The amino acids and fatty acids in the fish muscles were analyzed. The results showed no significant differences in protein or ash contents among the fish fed with the varied amounts of AML (P>0.05). On the other hand, the fish meat was considered of high-quality protein according to FAO/WHO standards. The greatest amount of amino acid in the meat was Glu, followed by Asp and Arg. The rich content of Lys was ideal to supplement grains for human nutritional need. AML did not show any significant effect on the amino acid contents (P>0.05). The fish meat contained more than 11 kinds of fatty acids, including 3 saturated, 4 monounsaturated, and 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. There was no significant differences on the fatty acid contents found in meat from the fish fed on diets with 5 different AML levels either.
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Key words:
- antimicrobial lipopeptides /
- Pelteobagrus vachelli /
- amino acid /
- fatty acid
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表 1 基础饲料组成及营养水平(风干基础)
Table 1. Composition and nutrients in basal fishmeal (on air-dry basis)
项目 含量
/%原料 红鱼粉 28.2 肉骨粉 4.6 菜籽粕 4.5 豆粕 18.2 玉米蛋白粉 13.5 玉米粉 6.4 面粉 19.2 食盐 0.3 磷酸二氢钙 1.2 预混料 0.8 氯化胆碱 0.2 国产鱼油(内加) 1.4 进口鱼油(外喷) 1.5 合计 100 营养水平 粗蛋白质 CP 40.12 粗脂肪 EE 5.50 粗灰分 Ash 9.46 粗纤维 Fiber 1.72 钙 Ca 2.00 总磷 TP 1.00 注: 预混料为每kg饲料提供:MnSO4 89 mg; NaCl 3 000 mg; ZnSO4 150 mg; FeSO4 65 mg; CuSO4 28 mg; KI 11 mg; VA 84 000 IU; VD 2 400 IU; VE 100 mg; VK 1 mg; VC 270 mg; VB1 2 mg; VB2 7 mg; VB6 6 mg; VB12 1 mg;泛酸钙32 mg;烟酸25 mg; 生物素1 mg; 叶酸 7.5 mg; 肌醇 440 mg。 表 2 抗菌脂肽对瓦氏黄颡鱼肌肉氨基酸含量及组成的影响(鲜重)
Table 2. Effect of AML on amino acid contents in meat of P. vachelli
[单位/(g·hg-1)] 氨基酸 添加水平/% 0 0.5 1 2 4 异亮氨酸Ile* 0.71±0.03 0.70±0.02 0.72±0.03 0.71±0.03 0.68±0.07 亮氨酸Leu* 1.31±0.09 1.29±0.04 1.31±0.05 1.30±0.12 1.25±0.10 赖氨酸Lys* 1.56±0.12 1.58±0.11 1.61±0.11 1.58±0.14 1.53±0.18 胱氨酸Cys△ 0.10±0.00 0.14±0.02 0.13±0.01 0.12±0.02 0.13±0.02 蛋氨酸Met* 0.47±0.03 0.38±0.08 0.40±0.04 0.44±0.03 0.42±0.04 酪氨酸Tyr△ 0.58±0.03 0.52±0.02 0.54±0.08 0.55±0.06 0.52±0.04 苯丙氨酸Phe* 0.70±0.05 0.70±0.08 0.71±0.08 0.69±0.09 0.67±0.09 苏氨酸Thr* 0.73±0.07 0.76±0.08 0.77±0.09 0.76±0.04 0.74±0.04 色氨酸Trp* 0.16±0.01 0.17±0.00 0.18±0.02 0.16±0.02 0.15±0.03 缬草氨酸Val* 0.78±0.02 0.77±0.02 0.79±0.03 0.78±0.02 0.75±0.05 组氨酸His△※ 0.34±0.00 0.34±0.01 0.34±0.00 0.34±0.00 0.33±0.00 精氨酸Arg△※ 1.00±0.02 1.01±0.02 1.02±0.01 1.03±0.03 1.00±0.02 天门冬氨酸Asp△ 1.66±0.12 1.70±0.09 1.72±0.15 1.68±0.14 1.64±0.19 丝氨酸Ser△ 0.67±0.05 0.69±0.02 0.69±0.02 0.69±0.02 0.67±0.06 谷氨酸Glu△ 2.54±0.18 2.52±0.25 2.59±0.12 2.58±0.12 2.50±0.25 脯氨酸Pro△ 0.62±0.04 0.62±0.04 0.61±0.07 0.63±0.07 0.61±0.07 丙氨酸Ala△ 0.99±0.12 1.00±0.10 1.00±0.06 1.00±0.12 0.97±0.14 甘氨酸Gly△ 0.94±0.09 0.97±0.04 0.93±0.07 0.96±0.08 0.94±0.10 必需氨基酸总量ΣEAA 6.43 6.34 6.47 6.42 6.19 非必需氨基酸总量ΣNEAA 9.42 9.51 9.56 9.59 9.31 儿童必需氨基酸总量ΣCE 1.33 1.35 1.36 1.37 1.33 氨基酸总量TAA 15.85 15.86 16.04 16.01 15.50 呈味氨基酸ΣFAA 7.12 7.20 7.26 7.25 7.06 呈味氨基酸/氨基酸总量ΣFAA/TAA 44.95 45.43 45.27 45.29 45.52 F 1.95 1.99 1.98 1.99 2.00 注:*必需氨基酸;△非必需氨基酸;※儿童必需氨基酸。 表 3 抗菌脂肽对瓦氏黄颡鱼肌肉中EAA含量的影响
Table 3. Effect of AML on EAA content in meat of P. vachelli
氨基酸 添加水平/% 鸡蛋蛋白 FAO/WHO 0 0.5 1 2 4 Ile 269 266 265 264 252 331 250 Leu 495 489 485 483 461 534 440 Lys 589 599 594 584 564 441 340 Met +Cys 215 196 194 208 202 386 220 Phe+ Tyr 483 462 460 462 439 565 380 Thr 278 289 283 281 272 292 250 Trp 60 65 67 59 55 106 60 Val 296 294 291 288 276 411 310 TEAA 2685 2659 2639 2630 2521 3066 2250 E/T/% 44.81 44.18 44.51 44.33 44.13 49.80 36.35 E/N/% 81.19 79.16 80.22 79.62 79.00 99.22 57.11 表 4 抗脂菌肽对瓦氏黄颡鱼肌肉蛋白质营养价值评分的影响
Table 4. Effect of AML on nutritional value of meat protein of P. vachelli
添加水平
/%AAS、CS egg standard model Ile Leu Lys Met+Cys Phe+Tyr Thr Trp Val EAAI/% 0 AAS/% 0.81 0.93 1.34 0.56* 0.85 0.95 0.57 0.72 81.10 CS/% 0.93 1.06 1.52 0.64* 0.98 1.09 0.65 0.82 0.5 AAS/% 0.80 0.92 1.36 0.51* 0.82 0.99 0.61 0.72 80.59 CS/% 0.93 1.06 1.57 0.58* 0.94 1.14 0.70 0.82 1 AAS/% 0.80 0.91 1.35 0.50* 0.81 0.97 0.63 0.71 80.29 CS/% 0.93 1.06 1.56 0.58* 0.95 1.13 0.73 0.82 2 AAS/% 0.80 0.90 1.32 0.54* 0.82 0.96 0.56 0.70 79.47 CS/% 0.93 1.05 1.54 0.63* 0.95 1.12 0.65 0.82 4 AAS/% 0.76 0.86 1.28 0.52* 0.78 0.93 0.52* 0.67 76.00 CS/% 0.93 1.05 1.56 0.62* 0.94 1.13 0.63* 0.82 表 5 抗菌脂肽对瓦氏黄颡鱼肌肉脂肪酸组成的影响
Table 5. Effect of AML on fatty acid contents in meat of P.vachelli
(单位/%) 脂肪酸种类 0 0.5 1 2 4 肉豆蔻酸(C14:0) 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 棕榈酸(C16:0) 18.0 17.9 18.0 18.0 17.9 十六碳烯酸(C16:1) 4.4 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 十八烷酸(C18:0) 4.9 4.9 4.6 4.5 4.6 异油酸C18:1n7c) 2.9 2.7 2.9 2.8 2.9 油酸(C18:1n9c) 39.9 40.6 40.0 40.4 40.1 亚油酸C18:2n6c) 17.0 16.9 17.0 16.9 17.0 亚麻酸(C18:3n3c) 2.0 1.7 2.0 2.1 2.2 二十碳烯酸(C20:1) 1.9 1.8 2.2 2.1 2.1 二十碳五烯酸(C20:5n3c) 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 二十二碳六烯酸(C22:6n3c) 4.7 4.8 4.8 4.7 4.7 其他 2.1 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.2 总计 100 100 100 100 100 饱和脂肪酸SFA 24.3 24.2 23.9 23.8 23.8 单不饱和脂肪酸MUFA 49.1 49.3 49.3 49.5 49.3 多不饱和脂肪酸PUFA 24.5 24.2 24.6 24.5 24.7 -
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