Effects of Cd Stress on Biomass and Photosynthesis Fluorescence Characteristics of Magnolia officinalis
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摘要: 以2年生的凹叶厚朴幼苗为试验对象，设置0（CK）、50、100、200和300 mg·kg-1等5个梯度，研究Cd胁迫对厚朴幼苗生物量、叶绿素SPAD值、各组织部分Cd含量和叶绿素荧光合特性的影响。厚朴幼苗根干质量Cd积累最高达325.76 mg·kg-1，地上部分干质量Cd积累最高仅为13.56 mg·kg-1，而根部Cd积累量占到全株Cd积累量的95.71%～96.23%，其地下组织部分Cd含量高于地上组织部分，说明厚朴幼苗根吸收的镉主要积累在根部。厚朴幼苗株高增长量随Cd含量的增加而下降，在高Cd胁迫下，叶绿素SPAD值呈差异极显著变化，低Cd胁迫下厚朴仍能生长和代谢，说明厚朴有一定的适应性。4个Cd处理下厚朴幼苗的PSⅡ的最大量子产量（Fv/Fm）、实际的光化学有效量子产量（ΦPSⅡ）、化学淬灭（qP）、电子传递效率（ETR）与CK组相比均显著下降，说明Cd处理阻碍了凹叶厚朴叶片光合反应链中电子传递，进而影响PSⅡ反应中心活性，改变了对光能捕获与转换及电子传递效率，产生光抑制，进而造成对植物的损伤。Abstract: Two-year-old Magnolia officinalis seedlings were used in this experimentation. Effects of Cd stress on the biomass, chlorophyll SPAD value, and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics, as well as Cd contents in various parts of the plant, under 5 gradients of Cd stress including 0 (CK), 50, 100, 200, and 300 mg·kg-1 were studied to unveil the underlying mechanism. In the seedling plants and parts, it was found that the highest accumulated Cd concentrations (dry weight) were 325.76 mg·kg-1 in the roots, and 13.56 mg·kg-1 in the aboveground parts. In general, 95.71%-96.23% of the total Cd accumulated on the plant were found in the roots. The seedling height decreased with increasing Cd concentration. Compared with CK, all treatment groups except 50 mg·kg-1, showed significant decreases on SPAD chlorophyll. When the Cd concentration was low, the plants appeared to adapt and continue to grow and metabolize. Nonetheless, the PSII maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm), actual photochemical quantum yield (ΦPSⅡ), chemical quenching (qP), and electron transport efficiency (ETR) were significantly decreased due to high Cd stress as compared to CK indicating that the energy capture from the sunlight, ETR, PSII activity, and metabolism were all suppressed resulting in damage to the plant.
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图 2 不同Cd胁迫处理对凹叶厚朴PSII实际光化学效率ФPSII的影响
Figure 2. Effect of Cd concentration on actual PSII photochemical efficiency,ФPSII
图 5 不同Cd胁迫处理对凹叶厚朴非光化学淬灭系数NPQ的影响
Figure 5. Effect of Cd concentration on non-photochemical quenching NPQ
表 1 福建省农林大学林学院苗圃试验地土壤基本理化性质
Table 1. Physio-chemical properties of soils in nursery experiment at Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University
pH值 有机质/% 全氮/(g·kg-1) 全磷/(g·kg-1) 全钾/(g·kg-1) 水解氮 有效磷(P2O5) /(g·kg-1) 速效钾(k2O) /(g·kg-1) 7.03 2.15 1.388 1.103 16.604 30.73 30.63 127.53 
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表 2 不同Cd胁迫下厚朴幼苗生物量及各组织部分Cd含量(x±s)
Table 2. Biomass and Cd content of tissues of seedlings under varied Cd stresses
Cd胁迫/(mg·kg-1) 根 地上部分 株高增长量/(cm·株-1) 干质量/(g·株-1) Cd含量/(mg·kg-1) 干质量/(g·株-1) Cd含量/(mg·kg-1) 0(CK) 12.8075±0.2443a 0 20.3625±0.2572a 0 29.6625±0.0625a 50(Cd1) 12.35±0.1335a 210.8925±0.8071a 16.845±0.2796b 9.265±0.0556a 30.295±0.2706a 100(Cd2) 11.2825±0.2643b 241.405±0.6018b 13.095±0.0633c 9.4525±0.0417b 28.25±0.3109b 200(Cd3) 9.9075±0.3456c 279.7675±0.569c 11.3375±0.2445d 12.5525±0.1191c 25.9025±0.3398c 300(Cd4) 7.27±0.3603d 312.1875±0.632d 8.8075±0.3924e 13.575±0.0854c 24.375±0.0328d 注:同列数据后不同小写字母代表0.05水平差异显著。下表同。
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表 3 不同Cd胁迫对厚朴幼苗叶片鲜叶绿素SPAD含量的变化
Table 3. Changes on SPAD content of young leaves of magnolia Officinalis under Cd stress
Cd胁迫/(mg·kg-1) 叶绿素SPAD值 0 41.9833±0.92a 50 39.8833±0.7986ab 100 38.1667±0.9672ab 200 36.6833±1.6655b 300 35.85±1.1882b
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