Major Viral Infections on Egg-laying Ducks in China
-
摘要: 为明确引起蛋鸭产蛋下降的病毒病,自2011年来以建立的(RT-)PCR方法对我国部分省(区)临床调查采集和送检的表现产蛋下降蛋鸭样品进行禽流感病毒、鸭坦布苏病毒、禽1型副粘病毒和鸭瘟病毒检测,结果感染阳性率分别为25.1%(212/843)、27.7%(298/1076)、9.3%(46/495)和1.3%(8/614),其中鸭坦布苏病毒病和禽流感是危害我国蛋鸭养殖业的主要疫病;经对549份后备未开产蛋鸭组织样品进行鸭坦布苏病毒感染检测发现其阳性率为40.8%,按年份统计以2015年的阳性感染率最高达70.5%。以上检测结果揭示随着时间的推移,鸭坦布苏病毒不仅严重危害我国开产蛋鸭群导致产蛋量急剧下降,还严重危害后备未开产蛋鸭群,表现迟开产、产蛋率不稳定、产蛋率持续走低或产蛋高峰维持时间短等多种产蛋异常现象,表明我国蛋鸭群存在严重的坦布苏病毒早期感染问题,应引起我国蛋鸭养殖者和有关部门的高度重视。Abstract: Major viral infectious agents that caused reductions in egg-laying ducks were targeted for this study. A clinical sample collection on infected egg-laying ducks at different growing stages from a number of provinces in the nation, as well as an analysis on the samples using the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), was conducted from 2011 to 2015. The samples from the ducks that showed a reduction on egg-laying were positively contaminated with avian influenza viruses (AIV) at a rate of 25.1% (212/843), with duck Tembusu virus (DTV) at a rate of 27.7% (298/1076), with avian paramyxovirus type 1 at a rate of 9.3% (46/495), and with duck enteritis virus at a rate of 1.3% (8/614). DTV infection in Sheldrake ducks at pre-egg-laying stage showed a positive rate of up to 40.8%, with a peak positive rate of 70.5% in 2015. Thus, DTV and AIV were seen as the crucial infectious agents that posted heavy threat to the duck farming in China. DTV is not only harmful in causing drastic reduction in egg production of mature ducks, but also in infecting the growing, pre-egg-laying ducks. Consequently, measures to curb and prevent wide spread of Tembusu viral disease was deemed an urgent task for the duck egg industry.
-
Key words:
- egg-laying duck /
- growing-period laying duck /
- major viral infection /
- detection
-
表 1 部分省(区)5年内未开产蛋鸭坦布苏病毒感染阳性率
Table 1. Positive rate of DTV in egg-laying ducks at growing stage in regions of China during 2011-2015
省(区) 样品数 阳性数 阳性率/% 福建 105 39 37.1 广东 82 35 42.9 广西 23 9 39.1 江西 92 47 51.1 浙江 101 56 55.4 山东 20 7 35 江苏 69 20 28.9 安徽 57 11 19.3 合计 549 224 40.8 表 2 2011-2015年不同省(区)蛋鸭禽流感病毒的检测及分型
Table 2. Detection and genotype of AIV in egg-laying ducks in various localities during 2011-2015
省(区) 样品数 阳性数 阳性率/% 亚型/份 H5 H9 其他 福建 287 84 29.3 53 26 5 广东 87 32 36.8 25 6 1 广西 52 15 28.8 10 5 0 江西 156 38 24.4 27 10 1 浙江 114 20 17.5 8 10 2 海南 40 10 25 9 1 0 湖南 40 2 5 1 1 0 湖北 26 6 23.1 4 1 1 安徽 32 3 9.4 2 1 0 河南 9 2 22.2 2 0 0 合计 843 212 25.1 141 61 10 表 3 2011-2015年部分省份蛋鸭临床样品坦布苏病毒感染检测结果
Table 3. DTV infection in laying ducks in various localities during 2011-2015
省(区) 样品数 阳性数 阳性率/% 福建 267 74 27.7 广东 156 59 37.8 广西 87 26 28.7 江西 104 22 21.2 浙江 183 39 21.3 山东 27 2 7.4 海南 62 17 27.4 湖南 27 9 33.3 湖北 31 6 19.4 江苏 49 24 48.9 云南 11 1 9.1 安徽 58 18 31 河南 14 1 7.1 合计 1076 298 27.7 表 4 不同年份蛋鸭临床样品鸭坦布苏病毒感染检测结果
Table 4. DTV infection in egg-laying ducks during 2011-2015
年份 样品数 阳性数 阳性率/% 2011 329 100 30.4 2012 198 21 10.6 2013 73 15 20.5 2014 243 61 25.1 2015 233 101 43.3 合计 1076 298 27.7 表 5 不同年份蛋鸭临床样品禽1型副粘病毒感染检测结果
Table 5. Avian paramyxovirus type-1 infection in egg-laying ducks during 2011-2015
年份 样品数 阳性数 阳性率/% 2011 113 12 10.6 2012 78 7 8.9 2013 97 6 6.2 2014 91 11 12.1 2015 116 10 8.6 合计 495 46 9.3 -
[1] 万春和,施少华,程龙飞,等.一种引起种(蛋)鸭产蛋骤降新病毒的分离与初步鉴定[J].福建农业学报,2010,25(6):663-666. http://www.fjnyxb.cn/CN/abstract/abstract558.shtml [2] 曹贞贞,张存,黄瑜,等.鸭出血性卵巢炎的初步研究[J].中国兽医杂志,2010,46(12):3-6. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZSYZ201012002.htm [3] SU J,LI S,HU X,et al.Duck egg-drop syndrome caused by BYD virus,a new Tembusu-related Flavivirus[J].PLoS One,2011,6(3):e18106. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018106 [4] CAO Z,ZHANG C,LIU Y,et al.Tembusu virus in ducks,China[J].Emerg Infect Dis,2011,17(10):1873-1875. doi: 10.3201/eid1710.101890 [5] YAN P,ZHAO Y,ZHANG X,et al.An infectious disease of ducks caused by a newly emerged Tembusu virus strain in mainland China[J].Virology,2011,417(1):1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2011.06.003 [6] 李玉峰,马秀丽,于可响,等.一种从鸭新分离的黄病毒研究初报[J].畜牧兽医学报,2011,42(6):885-891. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XMSY201106022.htm [7] 黄瑜,苏荣茂,傅光华,等.禽坦布苏病毒感染的宿主及临床表现[J].中国兽医杂志,2014,30(11):21-25. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZSYZ201411016.htm [8] 中华人民共和国农业部. 2007716151735高致病性禽流感防治技术规范[S]. 2007. [9] 中华人民共和国农业部. GBT 16550-2008新城疫诊断技术[S]. 2008. [10] 福建省质量技术监督局. DB35/T 1500-2015水禽禽1型副黏病毒病诊断技术[S]. 2015. [11] 中华人民共和国农业部. GB/T 22332-2008鸭病毒性肠炎诊断技术[S]. 2008.