Effects of Enzyme Application on De-bittering and Nutrient Retentionfor Guanxi Pomelo Juice
-
摘要: 通过不同的柚苷酶添加量、温度、pH值、时间等单因素及正交试验对平和琯溪蜜柚汁酶法脱苦工艺进行优化,探讨不同脱苦条件对蜜柚汁主要苦味物质柚皮苷和柠檬苦素的去除率及营养风味物质维生素C损失率的影响。结果表明,平和琯溪蜜柚汁的最佳酶法脱苦工艺条件为:在琯溪蜜柚原汁pH状态下,添加0.8 g·L-1柚苷酶,置于45℃中水浴1 h。在此条件下,蜜柚汁的柚皮苷去除率达90.25%、柠檬苦素去除率达87.09%、维生素C损失率为11.33%,能实现良好的风味特征。Abstract: To effectively remove the bitter taste (e.g., from substances such as naringin and limonin) while retaining nutrients (e.g., vitamin C) in Guanxi pomelo juice, an enzymatic process was investigated. The enzymeaddition, reaction temperature, treatment time, and juicepH of the process were optimized by a single factor and orthogonal array design experiment. The results indicated that by using 0.8 g·L-1 of naringinase in thepomelo juice at itsnatural pH and 45℃ for 1 h, the removal ratesup to 90.25% on naringin and 87.09% on limonin could be achieved, while the loss on vitamin Cminimized to 11.33%.
-
Key words:
- Guanxi pomelo juice /
- enzymatic de-bittering /
- naringin /
- limonin /
- vitamin C
-
表 1 3种检测方法的比较
Table 1. Comparison of three methods
时间/min 0 15 15.1 20 乙腈/% 30 60 60 60 0.1%TFA 70 40 40 40 表 2 正交试验设计及结果
Table 2. Design and results of orthogonal test
试验号 因素 柚皮苷去
除率/%柠檬苦素去
除率/%维生素C保
持率/%A(酶添加量)/g B(酶解温度)/℃ C(酶解时间)/h D(蜜柚汁pH值) 1 1(0.6) 1(40) 1(1.00) 1(3.50) 72.18 53.47 87.23 2 1 2(45) 2(1.25) 2(3.75) 82.06 73.98 88.09 3 1 3(50) 3(1.50) 3(4.00) 73.48 66.63 82.84 4 2(0.7) 1 2 3 76.81 56.14 80.11 5 2 2 3 1 83.56 70.97 87.34 6 2 3 1 2 84.56 72.17 86.20 7 3(0.8) 1 3 2 87.69 74.52 86.35 8 3 2 1 3 88.54 86.43 87.41 9 3 3 2 1 85.93 62.13 79.84 柚皮苷去除率分析 柠檬苦素去除率分析 维生素C保持率分析 k1 75.907 78.893 81.760 64.693 61.377 70.690 86.053 84.563 86.947 k2 81.643 84.720 81.600 66.427 77.127 64.083 84.550 87.613 82.680 k3 87.387 81.323 81.577 74.360 66.977 70.707 84.533 82.960 85.510 R 11.480 5.827 0.183 9.667 15.750 6.623 1.520 4.653 4.267 最优组合 A3B2C1D2 A3B2C3D2 A1B2C1D2 因素主次 A>B>D> CB>D>A>C B>C>D>A -
[1] 沈兆敏.我国及主产省市区柑橘生产现状及发展前景[J].果农之友, 2013, (2):3-5. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GNZY201302002.htm [2] 蔡坤秀, 卢彩燕, 陈燕娟.平和县琯溪蜜柚产业化发展现状与对策分析[J].热带农业工程, 2012, 32(6): 88-91. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-RDNK201206021.htm [3] 蔡坤秀.平和县琯溪蜜柚产业化发展的SWOT分析[J].热带农业工程, 2011, 35(4): 97-101. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-RDZW201104027.htm [4] 蔡坤秀.漳州市平和县瑁溪蜜柚产业化发展研究[D].福州:福建农林大学, 2011. [5] 刘棠, 杨远帆, 杜希萍, 等.柚苷酶处理、果汁浓缩和低温贮藏对柚子果汁中柠檬苦素的影响[J].食品科学, 2015, 36(4):1-5. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SPKX201504004.htm [6] MAIER V, BEVERLY G. Limonin monolactone, the nonbitter precursor responsible for delayed bitterness in certain citrus juices[J]. Journal of Food Science, 1968, 33(5): 488-492. doi: 10.1111/jfds.1968.33.issue-5 [7] ROY A, SARAF S. Limonoids: overview of significant bioactive triterpenes distributed in plants kingdom[J]. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 2006, 29(2): 191-201. doi: 10.1248/bpb.29.191 [8] KOLA O, KAYA C, DURAN H, et al. Removal of limonin bitterness by treatment of ion exchange and adsorbent resins[J]. Food Science and Biotechnology, 2010, 19(2): 411-416. doi: 10.1007/s10068-010-0058-2 [9] 庞立, 邓子牛, 刘吉凯, 等.柑橘柠檬苦素大孔树脂分离纯化方法[J].食品科学, 2015, 36(14):24-28. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SPKX201514013.htm [10] 张怡, 曾红亮, 冯翀, 等.柚汁树脂脱苦工艺的研究[J].热带作物学报, 2012, 33(3):562-566. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-RDZX201203030.htm [11] 翁聪泽, 蔡慧农, 倪辉, 等.黑曲霉DB056柚苷酶制剂对琯溪蜜柚果汁的脱苦效果[J].食品科学, 2011, 32(11):33-38. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SPKX201111009.htm [12] 白卫东, 刘晓艳.柑桔汁脱苦方法研究进展[J].食品工业科技, 2006, 27(9):202-206. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SPKJ200609064.htm [13] 张怡.福建特色柚子加工及综合利用技术的研究[D].福州:福建农林大学, 2009. [14] 陈静, 高彦祥, 吴伟莉, 等.高效液相色谱法测定柑橘汁中的柠檬苦素和柚皮苷[J].色谱, 2006, 24(2): 157-160. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SPZZ200602010.htm [15] 白小鸣, 王华, 郭莉.柚果实苦味物质及其分析检测方法概述[J].中国南方果树, 2014, 43(4):22-24. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-FRUI201404006.htm [16] 张秀梅, 杜丽清, 谢江辉, 等.高效液相色谱法测定菠萝果实维生素C含量[J].东南园艺, 2007, (1): 20-22. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-FJGS200701008.htm [17] 文蓉, 黎继烈, 崔培梧, 等.柑桔类果汁的酶法脱苦研究进展[J].北方园艺, 2009, (3):130-133. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-BFYY200903051.htm [18] 张夙夙.柚苷酶在柑橘类果汁脱苦中的应用[J].安徽农学通报, 2014, 20(12):39-44. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-AHNB201412016.htm [19] 徐国良, 秦云.浓缩橙汁脱苦技术的研究.安徽农业科学, 2013, 41(12):5485-5486. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-AHNY201312108.htm [20] 许键, 蔡慧农, 倪辉, 等.响应面优化酶法澄清瑭溪蜜柚汁工艺研究[J].集美大学学报:自然科学版, 2014, 19(2):100-106. [21] 陈红, 倪辉, 李利君, 等.棘孢曲霉固态发酵柚皮产柚苷酶及其在柑橘果汁脱苦中的应用[J].菌物学报, 2013, 32(6):1034-1045. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JWXT201306013.htm