Cold Tolerances of F1 Tilapia Hybrids
-
摘要: 以3种品系尼罗罗非鱼的雌鱼作为母本,奥利亚罗非鱼的雄鱼作为父本进行杂交配对,研究杂交罗非鱼F1代的耐寒能力。应用室内人工降温方法,测定了杂交子代死亡率、累积存活率和半致死低温(LT50)等耐寒指标。结果显示,3种杂交罗非鱼的耐寒能力各不相同,埃奥鱼、湘奥鱼和吉奥鱼半致死低温分别为:8.63℃、8.23℃、7.60℃。当水温降到9.6℃时,埃奥鱼首先开始死亡,其死亡低温范围为9.6~7.5℃;湘奥鱼的死亡低温范围为9.4~6.7℃;吉奥鱼的死亡低温范围为8.9~6.3℃。通过对3种杂交罗非鱼的LT50进行单因素方差分析,结果表明3种杂交罗非鱼中,吉奥鱼的耐寒能力相对较强,其LT50与埃奥鱼、湘奥鱼相比差异显著(P < 0.05),而其他2种杂交罗非鱼的LT50相比差异不显著(P>0.05)。Abstract: The tolerances of 3 F1tilapia hybrids of Oreochromis niloticus(♀)×Oreochromis aureus(♂) to cold temperatures were studied.By artificially lowering the tank water temperature, the death rate, semi-lethal low temperature (LT50), and cumulative survival rate of the fish were monitored to determine the abilities of the F1 tilapia hybridsto survive in cold temperatures. There were significant differences in their cold tolerances among the 3 F1 hybrids. Aiao began to die soon after the water temperature was reduced to 9.6℃, ranging from 9.6℃ to 7.5℃. For Xiang'ao, the lethal temperature ranged from 9.4℃ to 6.7℃; and, it was 8.9℃ to 6.3℃ for Jiao tilapia. LT50 of Aiaowas 8.63℃; that of Xiang'ao, 8.23℃; and, that of Jiao, 7.60℃. It appeared that Jiao was a significantly more hardy tilapiathan either Aiao or Xiang'ao (P < 0.05).
-
Key words:
- tilapia /
- F1hybrid /
- cold tolerance /
- semi-lethal low temperature
-
表 1 罗非鱼亲鱼规格
Table 1. Specifications of tilapiaparents
品种 平均体重/
(g·尾-1)平均体长/
(cm·尾-1)每667m2配组
密度/尾奥利亚罗非鱼 737.6 28.6 200 埃及尼罗罗非鱼 445.2 23.4 660 湘湖尼罗罗非鱼 467.8 26.1 660 新吉富尼罗罗非鱼 512.4 25.7 660 表 2 不同温度下杂交罗非鱼F1死亡数量和死亡率
Table 2. Number of death and mortality of F1tilapia hybrids at different temperatures
品种 检测内容 温度/℃ 9.6 9.4 9.2 8.9 8.5 8.1 7.8 7.5 7.1 6.9 6.7 6.5 6.3 埃奥鱼 1组死亡数量/尾 1 0 2 2 7 0 4 4 2组死亡数量/尾 2 1 1 4 7 3 0 2 3组死亡数量/尾 2 0 2 4 4 3 0 5 总死亡数量/尾 5 1 5 10 18 6 4 11 总死亡率/% 8.3 1.7 8.3 26.7 30 10 6.7 18.3 湘奥鱼 1组死亡数量/尾 0 2 1 4 7 3 0 1 2 0 2组死亡数量/尾 0 1 1 4 6 3 0 3 1 1 3组死亡数量/尾 2 0 1 5 7 3 0 1 1 0 总死亡数量/尾 2 3 3 13 20 9 0 5 4 1 总死亡率/% 3.3 5 5 21.7 33.3 15 0 8.3 6.7 1.7 吉奥鱼 1组死亡数量/尾 1 0 3 4 5 3 0 1 2 1 2组死亡数量/尾 1 1 2 3 6 1 0 1 4 1 3组死亡数量/尾 1 0 3 5 8 1 0 1 1 0 总死亡数量/尾 3 1 8 12 19 5 0 3 7 2 总死亡率/% 5 1.7 13.3 20 31.7 8.3 0 5 11.7 3.3 表 3 杂交罗非鱼F1代的LT50
Table 3. LT50 of F1tilapia hybrids
品种 初始死亡
水温/℃死亡水温
范围/℃死亡高峰温度
范围/℃平均半致死
温度LT50/℃埃奥鱼 9.6 7.5~9.6 8.1~8.9 8.63 湘奥鱼 9.4 6.7~9.4 7.8~8.5 8.23 吉奥鱼 8.9 6.3~8.9 7.5~8.1 7.60 表 4 杂交罗非鱼F1代的LT50方差比较分析
Table 4. Comparative analysis on LT50 of F1tilapia hybrids
品种 埃奥鱼 湘奥鱼 吉奥鱼 埃奥鱼 - 0.061 0.001* 湘奥鱼 0.061 - 0.011* 吉奥鱼 0.001* 0.011* - 注:*表示差异显著(P < 0.05)。 -
[1] 农业部渔业渔政管理局. 2015中国渔业统计年鉴[M ].北京:中国农业出版社, 2015, (6):31. [2] 杨淞, 杜诚, 卢迈新, 等. 5种杂交F1代罗非鱼致死低温的初步研究[J].水产养殖, 2006, 27(2):11-14. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SCYZ200602006.htm [3] TAVE D, JAYAPRAKAS V, SMITHERMAN R O. Effects of intraspecific hybridization in Tilapia niloticus on survival under ambient winter temperature in Alabama[J]. Journal of World Aquaculture Society, 1990, 21(3):201-209. doi: 10.1111/jwas.1990.21.issue-3 [4] HARRISON C K, MAHMOUD A R, HENK BOVENHUIS, et al. Heritability of cold tolerance in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) juveniles[J]. Aquaculture, 2005, 249:115-123. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2005.04.029 [5] MA L, ERIC SAILLANT, DELBERTM GATLIN III, et al. Heritability of Cold Tolerance in Red Drum[J]. North American Journal of Aquaculture, 2007, 69:381-387. doi: 10.1577/A06-038.1 [6] CHEN W H, SUN L T, TSAI C L, et al. Cold-stress induced the modulation of catecholamines, cortisol, immunoglobulin M, and leukocyte phagocytosis in tilapia[J]. Gen Comp Endocrinol, 2002, 126 (1):90-100. doi: 10.1006/gcen.2001.7772 [7] SCHNELL A K, SEEBACHER F. Can phenotypic plasticity facilitate the geographic expansion of the tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus[J]. Physiol Biochem Zool, 2008, 81(6):733-742. doi: 10.1086/592027 [8] CHARO KARISA H, REZK M A, BOVENHUIS H, et al. Heritability of cold tolerance in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus juveniles[J]. Aquaculture, 2005, 249(1/4):115-123. http://cn.bing.com/academic/profile?id=2039546593&encoded=0&v=paper_preview&mkt=zh-cn [9] LIANG M A, SAII E, GATLIN III D, et al. Heritability of cold tolerance in red drum[J]. North American Journal of Aquaculture, 2007, 69(4): 381-387. doi: 10.1577/A06-038.1 [10] 李家乐, 周志金.中国大陆奥利亚罗非鱼的引进和研究[J].浙江海洋学院学报:自然科学版, 2000, 19(3):261-265. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-REEF200003012.htm [11] 李家乐, 李思发.中国大陆尼罗罗非鱼的引进及其研究进展[J].水产学报, 2001, 25 (l):90-95. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SCKX200101017.htm [12] 林勇, 唐瞻杨, 唐章生, 等.罗非鱼5个不同品系低温致死的研究[J].水产科技情报, 2010, 37(5):222-225. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SCKJ201005006.htm [13] 卢其西.奥利亚罗非鱼耐寒性能评价及低温选育效果研究[D].广西:广西师范大学, 2012. [14] 冯祖强, 王祖熊.鱼类对环境温度适应问题[J].水产学报, 1984, 8(l):79-83. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SCKX198401008.htm [15] 王楚松.罗非鱼的养殖[M].北京:中国农业出版社, 1981: 30. [16] 李晨虹, 李思发.不同品系尼罗罗非鱼致死低温的研究[J].水产科技情报, 1996, 23(5):195-198. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SCKJ605.000.htm