Extraction and Antibacterial and Antioxidative Properties of Volatile Oil from Isodon excia
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摘要: 研究尾叶香茶菜挥发油的最佳提取方法、提取工艺及其抗菌和抗氧化能力。采用水蒸气蒸馏法(SD法)和CO2超临界流体萃取法(SFE-CO2法)提取尾叶香茶菜挥发油,通过正交试验优化提取工艺,采用体外抑菌试验和对DPPH自由基的清除能力试验研究其抗菌和抗氧化能力。结果表明,SD法的最佳提取工艺是浸泡时间8 h,料液比1:6,蒸馏时间7 h,平均得油率为0.186%;SFE-CO2法的最佳提取工艺是萃取压力30 MPa,萃取温度50℃,萃取时间80 min,平均得油率为0.440%;2种方法所提挥发油均具有一定的抑菌和DPPH自由基的清除能力,且SFE-CO2法所提挥发油的抗菌和抗氧化能力均高于SD法所提挥发油,同种方法所提挥发油的抑菌效果:枯草芽孢杆菌 >金黄色葡萄球菌 >大肠杆菌;对DPPH自由基的清除能力强弱:SFE-CO2法提取挥发油 >SD法提取挥发油 >Vc。优化的2种提取方法稳定性好,其中SFE-CO2法周期短、工艺流程简单、得油率高、抗菌和抗氧化性能好,适宜在工业生产中推广。Abstract: Extraction, as well as the antibacterial and antioxidative properties, of the volatile oil from Isodon excia were studied. The volatile oil was extracted by means of the steam distillation (SD)and supercritical CO2(SFE)method. The processes were optimized by an orthogonal test and the results were compared.An in vitro antibacterial test and a para-DPPH-radical scavenging ability determination were conducted on the oil samples obtained. The results showed that the optimized extraction conditions for the SD method included substrate soaking for 8 h, a substrate:solvent ratio of 1:6, and distillation for 7 h to get an oil yield of 0.186%.Whereas, those for the SFE method consisted of a processing pressure of 30 MPa and extract at 50℃ for 80 min to achieve an oil yield of 0.440%. The antibacterial and antioxidation properties of the volatile oil extracted by SFE were higher than those of the oil extracted by SD method. The bacteriostatic efficacies against various pathogens of the oils were in the order of:Bacillus subtilis >Staphyloccocus aureus >Escherichia coli. The para-DPPH-radical scavenging ability of the oil extracted by SFE was the greatest, followed by that of SD and vitamin C. Both optimized processes were stable, however, the SFE method was considered more suitable for the extraction because its process cycle was shorter, oil yield higher,andantibacterial and antioxidant efficacies of the extracted volatile oil greaterthan the SD method.
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Key words:
- Isodon excia /
- volatile oil /
- extractionprocess /
- antibacterial /
- antioxidative
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表 1 SD法正交试验设计与结果
Table 1. Orthogonal test and analysis on resultsfor SD extraction
试验号 A浸泡时间/h B料液比 C蒸馏时间/h 得油率/% 1 4(A1) 1∶4(B1) 5(C1) 0.113 2 4(A1) 1∶6(B2) 7(C2) 0.182 3 4(A1) 1∶10(B3) 9(C3) 0.147 4 6(A2) 1∶4(B1) 7(C2) 0.162 5 6(A2) 1∶6(B2) 9(C3) 0.148 6 6(A2) 1∶10(B3) 5(C1) 0.123 7 8(A3) 1∶4(B1) 9(C3) 0.16 8 8(A3) 1∶6(B2) 5(C1) 0.175 9 8(A3) 1∶10(B3) 7(C2) 0.211 k1 0.147 0.145 0.137 k2 0.144 0.168 0.185 k3 0.182 0.16 0.152 R 0.038 0.023 0.048 表 2 SD法方差分析
Table 2. Variance analysison resultsfor SD extraction
因素 偏差平方和 自由度 均方 F值 P值 显著性 A 0.003 2 0.001 42.718 0.023 显著 B 0.001 2 0 13.704 0.068 不显著 C 0.004 2 0.002 58.975 0.017 显著 注:R2=0.991(调整R2=0.966)。 表 3 SFE-CO2 法正交试验设计与结果
Table 3. Orthogonal test and analysis on results for SFE extraction
试验号 A萃取压力/MPa B萃取温度/℃ C萃取时间/min 得油率/% 1 20(A1) 40(B1) 60(C1) 0.338 2 20(A1) 50(B2) 80(C2) 0.371 3 20(A1) 60(B3) 100(C3) 0.335 4 30(A2) 40(B1) 80(C2) 0.407 5 30(A2) 50(B2) 100(C3) 0.434 6 30(A2) 60(B3) 60(C1) 0.41 7 40(A3) 40(B1) 100(C3) 0.371 8 40(A3) 50(B2) 60(C1) 0.39 9 40(A3) 60(B3) 80(C2) 0.364 k1 0.349 0.372 0.379 k2 0.417 0.399 0.382 k3 0.375 0.369 0.38 R 0.068 0.03 0.003 表 4 SFE-CO2 法方差分析
Table 4. Variance analysison results for SFE extraction
因素 偏差平方和 自由度 均方 F值 P值 显著性 A 0.007 2 0.004 97.152 0.01 显著 B 0.002 2 0.001 20.366 0.047 显著 C 2.667E-6 2 1.333E-6 0.036 0.966 不显著 注:R2=0.992(调整R2=0.966)。 表 5 尾叶香茶菜挥发油的抑菌活性
Table 5. Antibacterial activity of volatile oil from I.excia
供试菌株 SD法提取挥发油 SFE-CO2 法提取挥发油 阳性对照抑菌圈直径/mm 空白对照抑菌圈直径/mm 抑菌圈直径/mm MIC/(μL·mL-1) MBC/(μL·mL-1) 抑菌圈直径/mm MIC/(μL·mL-1) MBC/(μL·mL-1) A 11.01 8 16 12.47 4 16 16.82 - B 9.06 16 32 10.21 8 16 9.95 - C 13.62 4 8 16.24 2 8 16.7 - 注:A为金黄色葡萄球菌,B为大肠杆菌,C为枯草芽孢杆菌,-表示无抑菌圈。 -
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