Effects of Organic Fertilizers on Yield and Quality of Cowpeas and Available Nutrients in Soil Under Continuous Cropping Cultivation
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摘要: 采用田间试验法，研究施用不同有机肥对连作豇豆产量、品质及连作土壤速效养分动态变化的影响。结果表明：豇豆开花结荚期有机肥处理的土壤碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量分别比化肥处理高出10.35%~45.59%、29.42%~49.12%和18.90%~38.41%；施用有机肥的豇豆死苗率低，分别比施用化肥降低了61.35%、23.72%和49.05%；产量分别提高了41.39%%、22.97%和29.70%；豇豆中可溶性蛋白、淀粉、总糖、还原糖和Vc分别平均提高了3.40%~9.49%、5.21%~13.91%、11.16%~27.27%、11.63%~32.56%和17.19%~25.05%；豇豆中有机酸含量和亚硝酸盐含量分别降低了12.90%~35.48%和16.48%~37.45%。其中，鸡粪有机肥对提高土壤速效养分含量效果最好，也对连作豇豆可溶性蛋白、总糖、还原糖、Vc和亚硝酸盐等品质指标的影响较大，是较为理想的有机肥种类，值得在连作豇豆上推广应用。Abstract: In a field experiment, effects of various organic fertilizers on the yield and quality of cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata) and the available nutrients in the soil under continuous cropping cultivation were studied. The results showed thatin the blossoming/fruiting period, the alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium in soil were higherby 10.35%-45.59%, 29.42%-49.12%, and 18.90%-38.41%, respectively,when the organic than the chemical fertilizer was applied.When the chicken manure, xxx, or xxx was applied, the death ratesof cowpea seedlings werereduced by 61.35%, 23.72%,or 49.05%, respectively, as compared to the chemical fertilization; the crop yieldsincreased by 41.39%, 22.97%,or 41.39%, respectively; the soluble protein,starch,total sugar,reducing sugar, and Vc increased by 3.40%-9.51%, 4.96%-13.66%,12.37%-32.96%,11.29%-27.50%, and 17.19%-25.05%, respectively; and the organic acid and nitrite contents reduced by 12.90%-35.48% and 16.48%-12.90%, respectively.Among the different organic fertilizers, chicken manure significantly improved the available nutrients in soil, and at the same time,upgraded the soluble protein, total sugar, reducing sugar, Vc, nitrite, and other quality indicesfor the cowpeas raised with its application. It was, therefore, recommended to be used as the fertilizer incontinuous cropping practice of cowpeas.
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Key words:
- continuous cropping /
- cowpeas /
- organic fertilizer /
- soil available nutrients /
- yield /
- quality
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图 1 豇豆不同生育期土壤碱解氮含量
Figure 1. Alkali hydrolysable nitrogen in soil during various growth periods of cowpeas
图 2 豇豆不同生育期土壤有效磷含量
Figure 2. Available phosphorus in soil during various growth periods of cowpeas
图 3 豇豆不同生育期土壤速效钾含量
Figure 3. Available potassium in soil during various growth periods of cowpeas
表 1 供试有机肥料养分含量
Table 1. Nutrients in organic fertilizers
有机肥 pH 有机质/% N/% P2O5/% K2O/% 猪粪有机肥 8.29 59.85 3.733 3.262 2.873 鸡粪有机肥 8.83 73.11 2.352 2.497 1.618 海产品残渣有机肥 8.97 37.08 1.388 2.434 0.743 
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表 2 不同处理对豇豆死苗率及产量的影响
Table 2. Effects of fertilizations on seedling death rate and yield of cowpeas
处理 死苗率/% 平均产量/（kg·m-2） 较CK增产幅度/% CK 6.83±0.21 a 5.05±0.12 c - F1 2.64±0.34 d 7.14±0.27 a 40.59±2.32 a F2 5.21±0.32 b 6.21±0.23 b 22.97±3.49 c F3 3.48±0.17 c 6.55±0.19 b 29.70±1.37 b 注: 每列不同小写字母表示处理间差异达5%显著水平，下同。
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表 3 不同处理对豇豆品质的影响
Table 3. Effect of fertilizations on quality of cowpeas
处理 可溶性蛋白含量/(mg·g-1 FW） 淀粉含量/% 总糖含量/% 还原糖含量/% Vc含量/(mg·kg-1) 有机酸含量/% 亚硝酸盐含量/(mg·kg-1) CK 14.75±0.12 c 1.15±0.02 c 2.42±0.05 d 0.86±0.04 d 170.23±5.43 d 0.31±0.01 a 2.67±0.14 a F1 16.15±0.10 a 1.21±0.05 b 3.08±0.02 a 1.14±0.05 a 212.87±6.67 a 0.20±0.03 c 1.67±0.06 d F2 15.25±0.12 b 1.23±0.01 b 2.84±0.11 b 1.03±0.04 b 199.50±3.16 c 0.22±0.02 c 2.23±0.07 b F3 15.56±0.19 b 1.31±0.03 a 2.69±0.11 c 0.96±0.01 c 205.36±7.24 b 0.27±0.01 b 1.95±0.07 c
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