Effect of a Microbial Agent on Rhizospheric Microecology and Economic Traits of Flue-cured Tobaccos
-
摘要: 以烤烟红花大金元为试验材料, 在连作5年植烟土壤中施用微生物菌剂, 发现该微生物菌剂提高了烤烟的产量、产值、均价和中上等烟比重, 在一定程度上克服了烤烟的连作障碍, 并初步对其可能的微生物机制进行分析。通过平板计数, 发现微生物菌剂处理烤烟根际土壤的细菌、放线菌、真菌分别比对照高128.57%、191.43%、107.61%。BIOLOG分析表明, 施用微生物菌剂对烤烟根际土壤中以糖类、酚酸、氨基酸、胺类、羧酸衍生物为碳源进行生长的微生物有促进作用, 且施用微生物菌剂处理的烤烟根际土壤微生物的SIMPSON (J) 指数、SHANNON (H) 指数、SHANNON (H) 均匀度指数、BRILLOUIN指数、McIntosh (Dmc) 指数均高于对照, 表明微生物菌剂处理提高了土壤微生物功能多样性。微生物菌剂处理烤烟根际土壤中纤维素酶、多酚氧化酶、脲酶、脱氢酶和蔗糖酶活性分别比对照增加了52.44%、482.24%、16.28%、203.66%、56.40%, 表明施用微生物菌剂有利于提高主要的土壤酶活性。综上所述, 施用微生物菌剂改善了烤烟连作植烟土壤根际微生态, 促进烟草生长, 提高了烟草品质。Abstract: Using Honghuadajinyuan (Nicotina tobaccum L.cv.) , an experimentation by adding a microbial agent to the soil for 5consecutive years to determine the rhizospheric and economic effects on the tobaccos was conducted.The results showed that the treatment benefited the plant growth in general.It increased the yield, value and proportion of high quality tobacco.To some extent, the agent also alleviated the problems normally associated with the consecutive monoculture.The possible mechanism was, therefore, studied.The agar plate counts on the rhizospheric bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi in the soil were compared with the control to be higher by 128.57%, 191.43%, and 107.61%, respectively.BIOLOG analysis indicated that the average well color development (AWCD) of carbohydrates, phenolic acid, amino acids, amines and carboxylic acid were higher with the treatment than CK.Furthermore, the diversity indices on the microbes utilizing carbon sources, such as Simpson (J) , Shannon index (H) , Shannon index (H) evenness index, Brillouin index and McIntosh index (Dmc) , suggested a robust microbial functional diversity existed in the rhizospheric soil of the flue-cured tobaccos with the treatment.Among the soil enzymes, the polyphenol oxidase, urease and dehydrogenase all showed significantly higher activities than those of CK by 52.4%, 482.2%, 16.3%, 203.3% and 166.3%, respectively.The activities of polyphenol oxidase and dehydrogenase all reached an extremely significant difference level.It was, therefore, concluded that the addition of the microbial agent could ameliorate the micro-ecological system and the rhizospheric nutrient equilibrium of the soil promote the growth, yield and quality of the tobaccos.
-
Key words:
- Nicotina tobaccum /
- microbial agent /
- rhizospheric /
- function diversity /
- soil enzyme
-
[1] 晋艳, 杨宇虹, 段玉琪, 等.烤烟连作对烟叶产量和质量的影响研究初报[J].烟草科技, 2002, 174 (1) :41-45. [2] 丁海兵.连作对烟草生长和不同粒径土壤酶活性的影响[D].重庆:西南大学, 2006:30-32. [3] 赵凯, 娄翼来, 王玲莉, 等.烤烟连作对烟叶产量和质量的影响[J].现代农业科技, 2008, (8) :118-119. [4] 杨玉新, 王纯立, 谢志刚, 等.微生物肥对土壤微生物种群数量的影响[J].新疆农业科学, 2008, 45 (1) :169-171. [5] OLGA S C, MARCELA S M, MARA F B.Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BNM122, a potential microbial biocontrol agent applied on soybean seeds, causes a minor impact on rhizosphere and soil microbial communities[J].Applied Soil Ecology, 2009, 41 (2) :185-194. [6] 曹风明, 李力, 葛诚.日本及一些国家对微生物肥料产品的管理[J].土壤肥料, 1998, (2) :42-44. [7] 王涛, 李剑, 谭娟, 等.几种微生物菌剂处理下连作黄瓜的生长分析[J].北方园艺, 2010, (18) :15-19. [8] 周晓芬, 杨军芳.不同施肥措施及EM菌剂对大棚黄瓜连作障碍的防治效果[J].河北农业科学, 2004, (4) :89-92. [9] 张立恒, 郭修武, 李坤, 等.微生物菌剂对连作土壤中贝达葡萄的生长和防御酶活性的影响[J].中外葡萄与葡萄酒, 2012, (6) :14-17. [10] 刘红杰, 席向银, 刘朝科, 等.微生物菌剂对植烟连作土壤酶活性的影响[J].烟草科技, 2011, 286 (5) :66-70. [11] 胡开辉.微生物学实验[M].北京:中国林业出版社, 2004:34-246. [12] 林瑞余, 戎红, 周军建, 等.苗期化感水稻对根际土壤微生物群落及其功能多样性的影响[J].生态学报, 2007, 27 (9) :3644-3654. [13] 马克平, 刘玉明.生物群落多样性的测度方法Ⅰα多样性的测度方法 (下) [J].生物多样性, 1994, 2 (4) :231-239. [14] 关松荫.土壤酶及其研究法[M].北京:农业出版社, 1986. [15] 吴风光, 王豹祥, 汪健, 等.抗生菌肥对植烟土壤和烤烟生产的影响[J].土壤, 2010, 42 (1) :53-58. [16] 李俊, 姜昕, 李力, 等.微生物肥料的发展与土壤生物肥力的维持[J].中国土壤与肥料, 2006, (4) :1-5. [17] 尤垂淮.不同耕作措施对消减烟草连作障碍的作用机制研究[D].福州:福建农林大学, 2012. [18] 曹慧, 杨浩, 孙波, 等.不同种植时间菜园土壤微生物生物量和酶活性变化特征[J].土壤, 2002, (4) :197-200. [19] 谭兆赞, 林捷, 刘可星, 等.复合微生物茵剂对番茄青枯病和土壤微生物多样性的影响[J].华南农业大学学报, 2007, 28 (1) :45-49. [20] MERSI W, SCHINNER F.An improved and accurate method for determining the dehydrogenase activity of soils with iodonitrotetrazolium chloride[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils, 1991, (11) :216-220. [21] SPARLING G P.Ratio of microbial biomass carbon to soil organic carbon as a sensitive indicator of changes in soil organic matte[J].Aust J Soil Res, 1992, 30:195-207. -
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 167
- HTML全文浏览量: 43
- PDF下载量: 4
- 被引次数: 0
下载:
