Effect of Continuously Cropped Tobacco Soil on Growth,Development,Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco
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摘要: 为探讨不同连作年限土壤对烤烟品质的影响, 在云南大理祥云县田间定位试验基地, 以烤烟品种红花大金元 (红大, HD) 为材料, 研究不同连作年限植烟土壤对烟株生长发育、产量及品质的影响。结果表明, 随着植烟土壤连作年限的增加: (1) 烟株进入团棵期、旺长期和现蕾期的生育期时间推迟, 农艺性状变差; (2) 烟株根黑腐病、黑胫病、根结线虫病逐渐加重; (3) 烟株的硝酸还原酶、过氧化氢酶活性逐渐降低; (4) 烤烟产量、产值、均价、上中等烟比例等经济性状逐渐下降; (5) 烟叶的常规化学成分含量和协调性逐渐偏离最佳值, 质量变劣。说明植烟土壤连作年限增加会导致烟株氮素同化速度降低, 氮代谢失衡, 体内有害物质累积, 进而导致烟草生长发育受阻, 生长势变弱, 并影响相关化学成分的转化, 最终导致烟株抵御病虫能力下降, 产量和品质下降, 表现出典型的连作障碍特征并具有累加效应。Abstract: Effects of continuously cropped tobacco soils on the growth, yield and quality of the flue-cured tobacco variety, HD, were studied with a field experiment at Xiangyun, Yunnan.The results showed that, as the cropping years increased, (1) the growth of the tobacco plants was retarded with prolonged growth periods and reduced agronomic traits; (2) the occurrence of tobacco diseases, such as black root rot, black shank, and root-knot nematode, became gradually serious; (3) the activities of tobacco nitrate reductase and catalase reduced; (4) the yield, output value, average price and high-to-middle-quality ratio of the flue-cured tobacco leaves decreased; (5) the contents and balance of the chemical composition of the cured leaves began to gradually deviated from the optimum values.At the same time, the quality of cured leaves deteriorated.It was concluded that, as the cropping years of the same tobacco field increased, the rate of nitrogen assimilation was reduced and the plant′s nitrogen metabolism imbalanced, while harmful substances accumulated.As a result, the plant chemistry was ill-affected, the growth stunned, the disease-and pest-resistance reduced, and the tobacco yield and quality lowered.
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Key words:
- flue-cured tobacco /
- consecutive monoculture /
- quality /
- yield
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