Abstract: The characteristics mutation of forty-four species longan fruit between two years with larger climatic difference (2002 year and 2003 year) in Fuzhou longan garden of national fruit germplasm resource were analysed.The result showed that various climatic condition had great effect on the longan fruit characteristic, high temperature and draught condition restricted the colony multiplying of the weight of per fruit, pericarp, seed and flesh and the thickness of pericarp, but enhanced the soluble solids content, and had a little effect on edible percent.Under different climatic condition, the weight per fruit had highly significant positive correlation with the weight of pericarp, seed and flesh, the edible percent and the weight of flesh, the weight of pericarp and the weight of seed, flesh and the thickness of the pericarp were in highly significant postive correlation, as well as the weight of seed and the weight of flesh.