Genome-wide Identification and Expression Analysis of AaGRF Gene Family in Artemisia argyi
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摘要:
目的 生长调节因子（Growth-regulating factors, GRF）是植物的一种特有蛋白，深入了解艾GRF基因家族的生物学特性，对艾的生长发育和逆境胁迫有着重要作用。 方法 本研究对艾GRF基因家族进行理化性质、进化、基因结构以及表达等进行生物信息学进行分析，进而通过转录组数据和实时荧光定量PCR（qRT-PCR）技术分析基因家族各成员在不同组织、逆境胁迫以及响应不同激素的表达模式进行分析。 结果 从艾基因组中共鉴定出17个GRF家族成员，理化鉴别显示均为亲水蛋白；系统发育进化树分为四个亚家族；motif分析表明进化树中同一分支的基因具有相似或相同的保守基序；AaGRF基因家族成员随机分布在11条不同的染色体上；AaGRF基因家族启动子含有多种逆境和激素响应元件；AaGRF基因家族在响应盐碱胁迫时表现出不同的表达趋势；该家族成员在艾的根、茎、叶中的表达模式具有组织特异性；经脱落酸、吲哚乙酸、水杨酸和茉莉酸甲酯处理后，AaGRF05、AaGRF06、AaGRF11和AaGRF14在处理后的12h基因表达量最高，这表明大部分基因在前期参与不同激素的调控。 结论 艾GRF基因家族参与艾生长发育、激素与逆境胁迫调节，为下一步全面探究GRF家族功能提供一定的理论依据。 Abstract:Objective Growth-regulating factors (GRF) is a unique protein of plants, which plays an important role in mugwort growth and stress. It plays an important role in Artemisia argyi growth and stress stress. Method To understand the biological characteristics of the GRF gene family in Artemisia argyi, this study conducted bioinformatic analysis of physical and chemical properties, gene structure, evolution and expression of the GRF gene family; analyzed the expression patterns of the members of the gene family in different tissues, stress and different hormones using transcriptomic data and real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Result A total of 17 GRF family members were identified from the A. argyi genome, physicochemical identification showed that all are hydrophilic proteins; The phylogenetic evolutionary tree falls into four subfamilies; The motif analysis indicated that genes of the same clade in the evolutionary tree have a similar or the same conserved motif; The AaGRF gene family members are randomly distributed on 11 different chromosomes; The AaGRF gene family promoter contains multiple stress and hormone-responsive elements; The AaGRF gene family showed different trends in response to salinity stress; The expression pattern of this family members in the roots, stems and leaves of A. argyi is tissue-specific; After treatment with abscisic acid, indoacetic acid, salicylic acid and methyl jasmonate, AaGRF05, AaGRF06, AaGRF11 and AaGRF14 showed the highest gene expression at 12 hour after treatment, indicating that most of the genes are involved in regulation during prophase. Conclusion In conclusion, this paper shows that the GRF gene family participates in the regulation of A. argyi growth and stresses, which provides a certain theoretical basis for the comprehensive exploration of the function of GRF family in the next step research. -
Key words:
- Artemisia argyi /
- GRF gene family /
- expression analysis /
- hormone respone
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图 1 AaGRF家族系统进化树
AT：拟南芥；Gh：棉花；Ha：向日葵；；Aa：艾
Figure 1. Phylogenetic tree of AaGRF
AT: Arabidopsis thaliana; Gh: Gossypium hirsutum L; Ha:Helianthus annuus L.; Aa: Artemisia argyi
图 2 艾GRF基因家族的结构、结构域和motif
Figure 2. Structure, domains, and motif of the AaGRF gene family
图 3 拟南芥GRF家族基因组结构、保守结构域和motif分析
Figure 3. Gene structure, conserved domains, and motif analysis of GRF gene family in Arabidopsis thaliana
图 6 AaGRF基因家族响应盐和盐碱胁迫的表达模式
CK：空白对照组；SAT：盐碱处理组；ST：盐处理组；L:叶；R：根；
Figure 6. The expression pattern of AaGRF in response to salt and saline-alkali stress
CK : blank control group ; SAT : saline-alkali treatment group ; ST : salt treatment group ; L : leaf ; R : root ;
图 7 AaGRF家族成员在艾的根、茎、叶中的表达模式
小写字母代表在 0.05 水平上差异显著。
Figure 7. Expression pattern of AaGRF family members in the roots, stems, and leaves of Artemisia argyi
Data with lowercase letters represent significant differences at P＜0.05.
图 8 AaGRF家族成员响应激素处理的表达模式
小写字母代表在 0.05 水平上差异显著。
Figure 8. Expression patterns of AaGRF family members in response to hormone treatment
Data with lowercase letters represent significant differences at P＜0.05.
表 1 AaGRF基因家族蛋白理化性质
Table 1. Physiochemical properties of the AaGRF gene family proteins
基因名称
Gene name基因组ID
genome ID长度
length/aa分子量
molecular weight /Da等电点
Isoelectric point(pl)不稳定指数
Instability index脂肪族指数
Aliphatic index疏水指数
Hydrophobic indexAaGRF01 Aarg02G031430.1 350 39886.41 8.35 51.62 50.43 −0.921 AaGRF02 Aarg04G019450.1 471 50852.5 9.07 41.98 64.86 −0.547 AaGRF03 Aarg05G013120.1 315 36666.98 7.26 71.34 58.83 −0.9 AaGRF04 Aarg06G029080.1 364 40414.66 8.87 48.27 52.77 −0.91 AaGRF05 Aarg06G030040.1 394 43558.38 9 48.32 57.92 −0.717 AaGRF06 Aarg06G030730.1 380 42917.36 8.13 56.92 54.92 −0.874 AaGRF07 Aarg08G013810.1 138 15560.65 7.66 52.91 65.72 −0.541 AaGRF08 Aarg08G014980.1 339 38274.79 8.02 49.95 43.42 −0.871 AaGRF09 Aarg10G061780.1 335 38176.52 8.79 49.88 52.39 −0.87 AaGRF10 Aarg11G000710.1 329 37157.12 8.97 47 52.52 −0.829 AaGRF11 Aarg11G015240.1 501 54688.51 7.24 42.86 59.38 −0.635 AaGRF12 Aarg12G018140.1 472 51001.69 9.16 42.64 64.51 −0.56 AaGRF13 Aarg14G027820.1 364 40379.65 8.72 45.86 51.43 −0.898 AaGRF14 Aarg14G028850.1 352 38751.75 8.44 51.96 54.29 −0.709 AaGRF15 Aarg16G013730.1 138 15512.59 7.66 52.9 69.28 −0.509 AaGRF16 Aarg16G015010.1 339 38280.78 7.66 49.46 45.13 −0.853 AaGRF17 Aarg17G035750.1 382 41725.01 6.67 45.33 56.18 −0.678 
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