南安石亭群体种茶树种质资源遗传多样性及主要成分分析

欧晓西; 林宏政; 何吉杭; 李秋明; 傅瑞典; 陈育财; 郑玉成; 孙云

南安石亭群体种茶树种质资源遗传多样性及主要成分分析

欧晓西^1,,
林宏政¹,
何吉杭¹,
李秋明¹,
傅瑞典²,
陈育财³,
郑玉成^{1, 4, ,},
孙云^1, ,

1.
福建农林大学园艺学院/茶学福建省高校重点实验室，福建福州　350002
2.
南安石亭绿茶研究会，福建泉州　362000
3.
南安市丰州镇农业服务中心，福建泉州　3620002
4.
武夷学院茶与食品学院/武夷学院茶叶科学研究所，福建武夷山　354300

基金项目: 国家现代农业产业技术体系（CARS-19）；福建张天福茶叶发展基金会科技创新基金（FJZTF01）

详细信息

作者简介:
欧晓西（1999 —），女，硕士研究生，主要从事茶叶加工与品质研究，E-mail：ouxiaoxi_66@163.com

通讯作者:
郑玉成（1994 —），男，博士，讲师，主要从事茶叶资源利用与加工工程研究，E-mail：18094159524@163.com

孙云(1964—)，女，博士，教授，主要从事茶叶加工与品质研究，E-mail：sunyun1125@126.com

中图分类号: TS272
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-07-15
- 录用日期: 2024-09-02
- 修回日期: 2024-09-01
- 网络出版日期: 2024-11-11

Genetic Diversity and Principal Components of Tea Germplasms from Shiting Plantations in Nan'an

OU Xiaoxi^1
,,
LIN Hongzheng¹,
HE Jihang¹,
LI Qiuming¹,
FU Ruidian²,
CHEN Yucai³,
ZHENG Yucheng^{1, 4
, ,},
SUN Yun^{1
, ,}

1.
College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University/Key Laboratory of Tea Science in Fujian Province, Fuzhou, Fujian　350002, China
2.
Nanan Shiting Green Tea Research Association, Quanzhou, Fujian　361000, China
3.
Nanan Fengzhou Town Agricultural Service Center, Quanzhou, Fujian　362000, China
4.
School of Tea and Food Science, Wuyi University,/Tea Science Research Institute, Wuyi University, Wuyishan, Fujian　354300, China

摘要

摘要: 目的深入了解南安石亭群体种茶树种质资源（Camellia sinensis）的遗传多样性及其直接利用价值，为南安石亭群体种茶树种质资源的创新利用提供科学依据。方法利用SNP分子标记技术对17份南安石亭群体种茶树种质资源及福建6个代表性品种进行亲缘关系及遗传多样性分析。进一步采用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）和超高效液相色谱－串联质谱法（UPLC-MS/MS）测定代表性的10份南安石亭群体种茶树种质资源儿茶素及游离氨基酸等组分含量。结果筛选出44个适用于鉴定南安石亭群体种茶树种质资源的SNP位点，构建南安石亭群体种茶树种质资源SNP指纹图谱。通过UPGMA进化树构建，发现23个样品可分为4个亚群，南安石亭群体种茶树种质资源与闽北地区的肉桂、奇丹亲缘关系较近。此外，进行了氨基酸，儿茶素含量分析，发现南安石亭群体种茶树种质资源的主要品质成分含量差异显著（P＜0.05）。儿茶素总量为107.56～177.60 mg·g⁻¹，游离氨基酸总量为8.46～32.66 mg·g⁻¹。其中ST2、ST3、ST6、ST17具有较高的EGCG或EGCG3"Me含量，ST3氨基酸含量最高及儿茶素苦涩味指数最低。结论南安石亭群体种茶树种质资源丰富，与闽北地区茶树资源亲缘关系较为亲密。ST2、ST3、ST6和ST17具有较高的EGCG或EGCG3"Me含量，ST3适制绿茶，可进一步开展选育工作。
- 南安石亭 /
- 茶树 /
- 种质资源 /
- 遗传多样性 /
- 成分分析 /
- SNP
Abstract: Objective Genetic diversity of the tea germplasms preserved at Shiting plantations in Nan’an was studied for promoting the utilization of the local specialty. Methods SNP molecular marker technology was applied to analyze the genetic diversity and relationships of 17 tea germplasms from the Shiting plantations and 6 representative varieties from Fujian. HPLC and UPLC-MS/MS were employed to determine the contents of catechins and free amino acids in 10 selected samples for a comparison among the tea varieties. Results Forty-four SNP loci suitable for identifying the tea plants were selected. An SNP fingerprint profile of the germplasms was constructed. The UPGMA evolutionary tree divided the 23 germplasms into 4 subgroups, which showed a close relation with Rougui and Qidan teas from northern Fujian. Significant differences were found on the contents of major amino acids and catechins among the varieties (P＜0.05) with total free amino acids from 8.46 mg·g⁻¹ to 32.66 mg·g⁻¹ and catechins ranging from 107.56 mg·g⁻¹ to 177.60 mg·g⁻¹. The germplasms coded ST2, ST3, ST6, and ST17 had high contents of EGCG or EGCG3"Me, while ST3 the most on amino acids and the least on catechin bitterness index. Conclusion Shiting plantations in Nan’an had a rich collection of tea germplasms that were closely related to those in northern Fujian. Among them, ST2, ST3, ST6, and ST17 teas had high contents of either EGCG or EGCG3"Me. ST3, specifically, appeared to be suitable for making green tea as well as in breeding programs.
- Shiting, Nan’an /
- Camellia sinensis /
- germplasm /
- genetic diversity /
- component analysis /
- SNP

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图 1 南安石亭群体种茶树种质资源成熟叶片形态

Figure 1. Morphology of mature tea leaves of Shiting plantation germplasms

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图 2 南安石亭群体种茶树种质资源指纹图谱

Figure 2. Fingerprint map of polymorphic sites of Shiting plantation tea germplasms

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图 3 17份南安石亭群体种茶树种质资源及6个福建代表性栽培品种聚类图

Figure 3. Cluster analysis on 17 Shiting plantation tea germplasms and 6 representative cultivated varieties from Fujian

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图 4 南安石亭群体种茶树种质资源主要成分主成分分析

Figure 4. Principal component analysis on Shiting plantation tea germplasms

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表 1 17份南安石亭群体种茶树种质资源

Table 1. Germplasm resources of 17 C.sinensis plants planted in Shiting population, Nan'an

编号 Code	茶树种质 Germplasm resours	长宽比 Aspect ratio	叶面积 Leaf area/cm²	叶形 Blade shape	叶色 Leaf color
1	ST1	2.87	10.63	长椭圆形	黄绿色
2	ST2	2.83	10.47	长椭圆形	黄绿色
3	ST3	2.54	10.25	长椭圆形	黄绿色
4	ST4	2.32	10.15	椭圆形	黄绿色
5	ST5	2.61	14.31	长椭圆形	黄绿色
6	ST6	3.10	9.56	披针形	黄绿色
7	ST7	2.82	9.55	长椭圆形	深绿色
8	ST8	2.20	6.16	椭圆形	黄绿色
9	ST9	2.25	16.13	椭圆形	深绿色
10	ST10	2.37	5.99	椭圆形	深绿色
11	ST11	2.35	6.58	椭圆形	黄绿色
12	ST12	2.18	17.61	椭圆形	黄绿色
13	ST13	2.44	10.68	椭圆形	深绿色
14	ST14	2.52	9.34	长椭圆形	黄绿色
15	ST15	2.26	8.37	椭圆形	深绿色
16	ST16	2.17	13.65	椭圆形	黄绿色
17	ST17	2.50	11.83	椭圆形	黄绿色

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表 2 南安石亭群体种茶树种质资源儿茶素组分含量

Table 2. Catechins of Shiting plantation tea germplasms

（单位：mg·g⁻¹）
	儿茶素类 Catechins	ST2	ST3	ST5	ST6	ST8	ST10	ST11	ST12	ST14	ST17
非酯型儿茶素 Non-ester catechins	GC	0.35±0.02f	0.96±0.05a	0.42±0.01ef	0.48±0.02def	0.85±0.02ab	0.49±0.06def	0.76±0.03bc	0.61±0.12cde	0.88±0.02ab	0.65±0.30cd
	EGC	23.68±1.41f	28.91±2.25e	38.57±2.38c	24.79±2.07ef	56.41±3.73a	29.40±3.30d	38.44±3.66c	45.12±3.11b	44.39±1.16b	31.80±0.40d
	C	1.72±0.06	2.15±0.18a	1.93±0.09ab	1.98±0.25ab	1.95±0.30ab	1.36±0.31 c	1.78±0.27ab	0.83±0.09de	0.91±0.08d	0.51±0.01e
	EC	13.83±1.40cd	11.89±0.79e	15.06±0.36c	7.06±0.49f	18.72±0.55a	8.13±0.34f	13.29±0.88d	17.44±1.07b	10.96±0.47e	7.82±0.13f
	总量	39.58±2.06de	43.91±3.34d	55.98±2.77c	34.31±2.88e	77.93±4.35a	39.38±3.83de	54.27±4.77c	64.00±4.44b	57.14±1.74c	40.78±0.38d
酯型儿茶素 Ester catechins	EGCG	92.51±6.53a	52.21±3.22d	57.99±1.27cd	98.30±6.29a	61.37±2.20c	76.02±4.76b	40.30±3.97e	57.12±5.35cd	63.94±2.28c	39.60±0.91e
	EGCG3" Me	12.97±0.88b	13.27±0.66b	1.66±0.11e	—	7.11±0.18c	—	6.02±0.52d	6.55±0.48cd	6.36±0.25cd	18.18±0.14a
	ECG	31.75±2.02a	14.82±0.58e	17.63±0.43c	19.92±0.96b	17.16±0.47cd	14.93±0.70e	11.18±0.85f	15.77±1.11de	11.64±0.38f	7.58±0.12g
	CG	0.66±0.03c	0.94±0.05b	0.65±0.03c	0.62±0.02c	—	0.65±0.02c	—	—	—	1.41±0.08a
	总量	137.89±9.45a	81.24±4.49d	77.93±1.79d	118.84±7.25b	85.64±2.86cd	91.6±5.44c	57.50±5.35f	79.44±6.88d	81.94±2.89d	66.77±0.88e
总儿茶素 Total catechins		177.47±11.15a	125.15±7.81ef	133.91±4.28de	153.15±9.93bc	163.57±6.84ab	130.98±7.64de	111.77±10.00fg	143.44±11.29cd	139.08±4.56cde	107.55±1.02g
儿茶素苦涩味指数 Catechins bitterness and astringency index		9.54±1.07c	6.90±0.13d	6.74±0.07de	15.87±0.07a	6.57±0.16de	12.73±0.30b	6.02±0.16e	6.49±0.15de	10.18±0.15c	9.56±0.18c
儿茶素品质指数 Catechin quality index		524.60±7.00a	232.12±5.47d	196.46±10.04e	477.71±17.2b	139.46±6.84gh	311.54±33.00c	133.99±3.89h	161.41±3.74fg	170.25±2.58f	148.39±4.63fgh
数值表示3个样品均值±标准差；同行不同小写字母表示差异显著（P ＜ 0.05）；“-”表示未检测出。表3 同。 Data are standard deviation ± mean of triplicated samples; those with different lowercase letters on same row indicate significant differences at P＜0.05; "-" indicates not detected. Same for Table 3.

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表 3 南安石亭群体种茶树种质资源氨基酸的组分含量

Table 3. Amino acids of Shiting plantation tea germplasms

（单位：mg·g⁻¹）
	氨基酸组分 Amino acid components	ST2	ST3	ST5	ST6	ST8	ST10	ST11	ST12	ST14	ST17
鲜味类 Flavor	Thea	3.27±0.14e	9.98±0.13a	5.54±0.17d	2.07±0.12g	1.61±0.28h	7.17±0.38b	6.50±0.36c	2.62±0.19f	2.37±0.06fg	2.10±0.00g
	Pro	0.29±0.01e	0.69±0.02a	0.31±0.01e	0.52±0.04bc	0.37±0.18de	0.36±0.02de	0.47±0.04cd	0.60±0.02ab	0.40±0.04de	0.38±0.03de
	Glu	2.27±0.15bc	2.53±0.29b	0.61±0.05f	1.13±0.04e	0.97±0.14ef	1.93±0.00cd	1.76±0.23d	3.90±0.65a	4.09±0.13a	0.14±0.02g
	GABA	0.06±0.00a	0.06±0.00a	0.06±0.00a	0.06±0.00a	0.06±0.00a	0.06±0.00a	0.07±0.00a	0.07±0.00a	0.07±0.00a	0.07±0.00a
	Asp	0.30±0.14cd	0.59±0.01b	0.24±0.03de	0.88±0.04a	0.15±0.02ef	0.31±0.08cd	0.17±0.04ef	0.34±0.05cd	0.39±0.07c	0.12±0.01f
	总量	6.20±0.26f	13.85±0.24a	6.76±0.19e	4.66±0.13g	3.16±0.35g	9.83±0.29b	8.96±0.2c	7.54±0.49d	7.31±0.09d	0.81±0.01h
甜味类 Sweetness	Ala	0.13±0.04f	0.28±0.01de	0.14±0.03f	0.18±0.04ef	0.46±0.1c	0.47±0.06c	0.93±0.09b	0.39±0.02cd	0.16±0.04ef	2.00±0.17a
	Thr	0.22±0.03e	0.53±0.03a	0.27±0.02d	0.41±0.03b	0.17±0.04e	0.35±0.02c	0.36±0.03c	0.36±0.02c	0.35±0.04c	0.21±0.02e
	Asn	0.28±0.03cd	0.57±0.2a	0.24±0.07cd	0.6±0.01a	0.19±0.04d	0.37±0.12bc	0.29±0.04cd	0.35±0.02bcd	0.48±0.06ab	0.24±0.02cd
	Ser	0.37±0.01f	1.24±0.06a	0.47±0.05ef	0.8±0.08c	0.55±0.03def	1.00±0.08b	0.66±0.31cde	0.8±0.02c	0.75±0.05cd	0.43±0.07f
	Gly	0.04±0.01d	0.06±0.02cd	0.25±0.03a	0.09±0.02cd	0.12±0.07c	0.06±0.04cd	0.19±0.01b	0.05±0.03d	0.06±0.05cd	0.1±0.04cd
	Gln	3.15±0.27b	3.10±0.02b	0.47±0.10f	1.59±0.08e	1.00±0.17e	3.76±0.18a	2.58±0.34c	2.99±0.27b	3.69±0.13a	0.18±0.03f
	总量	4.22±0.13d	5.80±0.05ab	1.85±0.03g	3.96±0.22d	2.45±0.28f	5.94±0.37a	4.88±0.17c	4.93±0.3c	5.40±0.35b	3.03±0.19e
芳香类 Aromatic	Lys	0.21±0.04cd	0.62±0.03a	0.15±0.02de	0.42±0.03b	0.19±0.08cd	0.24±0.02c	0.25±0.01c	0.38±0.02b	0.23±0.03c	0.11±0.04e
	Tyr	0.53±0.05cd	0.61±0.03c	0.49±0.04de	0.81±0.07b	0.54±0.1cd	0.41±0.04ef	0.85±0.07b	2.24±0.03a	0.55±0.01cd	0.36±0.08g
	Trp	0.47±0.04a	0.27±0.02c	0.16±0.04e	0.33±0.03b	0.17±0.04e	0.16±0.00e	0.17±0.01e	0.28±0.02c	0.22±0.01d	0.08±0.02f
	总量	1.21±0.13c	1.5±0.02b	0.79±0.03e	1.56±0.04b	0.90±0.16de	0.81±0.06e	1.27±0.08c	2.9±0.05a	1.00±0.02d	0.55±0.11f
苦味类 Bitters	Arg	2.81±0.15d	8.25±0.46a	4.93±0.13c	1.86±0.12e	0.98±0.36f	5.91±0.27b	6.30±0.31b	2.18±0.3e	2.11±0.25e	0.14±0.01g
	Leu	0.28±0.01ef	1.07±0.02a	0.45±0.06bc	0.5±0.04b	0.33±0.04de	0.27±0.02ef	0.24±0.03fg	0.39±0.06cd	0.34±0.02de	0.2±0.04g
	Ile	0.31±0.02cd	0.91±0.21a	0.45±0.09bc	0.48±0.03b	0.06±0.03f	0.22±0.00def	0.22±0.05def	0.29±0.11cde	0.38±0.09bcd	0.14±0.03ef
	His	0.11±0.02cd	0.15±0.02b	0.09±0.01d	0.19±0.00a	0.11±0.04cd	0.11±0.02cd	0.12±0.02bcd	0.14±0.01bc	0.11±0.02bcd	0.09±0.02d
	Val	0.18±0.03e	0.49±0.02a	0.12±0.01f	0.40±0.01b	0.06±0.03g	0.22±0.03d	0.21±0.02de	0.33±0.02c	0.23±0.01d	0.06±0.02g
	总量	3.68±0.18d	10.86±0.36a	6.04±0.29c	3.43±0.15de	1.54±0.38f	6.73±0.22b	7.09±0.29b	3.33±0.27de	3.17±0.31e	0.62±0.08g
其他 Other	β-ABA	0.09±0.01e	0.11±0.01e	2.42±0.27b	0.08±0.01e	0.85±0.26d	0.16±0.04e	2.67±0.22a	1.24±0.13c	0.07±0.01e	0.90±0.04d
其他 Other	sar	0.17±0.01c	0.22±0.04bc	0.23±0.00bc	0.31±0.13abc	0.19±0.03bc	0.34±0.14ab	0.33±0.09abc	0.28±0.06abc	0.41±0.06a	0.32±0.10abc
	总氨基酸	15.55±0.39f	32.32±0.44a	18.09±0.7e	13.70±0.08g	9.15±0.68h	24.87±0.57c	25.32±0.19b	20.21±0.52d	17.47±0.8e	8.35±0.27i

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南安石亭群体种茶树种质资源遗传多样性及主要成分分析

作者简介:
欧晓西（1999 —），女，硕士研究生，主要从事茶叶加工与品质研究，E-mail：ouxiaoxi_66@163.com

通讯作者:
郑玉成（1994 —），男，博士，讲师，主要从事茶叶资源利用与加工工程研究，E-mail：18094159524@163.com

孙云(1964—)，女，博士，教授，主要从事茶叶加工与品质研究，E-mail：sunyun1125@126.com

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Genetic Diversity and Principal Components of Tea Germplasms from Shiting Plantations in Nan'an

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南安石亭群体种茶树种质资源遗传多样性及主要成分分析

作者简介: 欧晓西（1999 —），女，硕士研究生，主要从事茶叶加工与品质研究，E-mail：ouxiaoxi_66@163.com

通讯作者: 郑玉成（1994 —），男，博士，讲师，主要从事茶叶资源利用与加工工程研究，E-mail：18094159524@163.com 孙云(1964—)，女，博士，教授，主要从事茶叶加工与品质研究，E-mail：sunyun1125@126.com

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Genetic Diversity and Principal Components of Tea Germplasms from Shiting Plantations in Nan'an

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出版历程

目录

作者简介:
欧晓西（1999 —），女，硕士研究生，主要从事茶叶加工与品质研究，E-mail：ouxiaoxi_66@163.com

通讯作者:
郑玉成（1994 —），男，博士，讲师，主要从事茶叶资源利用与加工工程研究，E-mail：18094159524@163.com

孙云(1964—)，女，博士，教授，主要从事茶叶加工与品质研究，E-mail：sunyun1125@126.com