摘要:
对福建近海浒苔、龙须菜、羊栖菜、海带等4种海藻进行基本营养成分、氨基酸、脂肪酸、矿物元素的测定结果进行分析与评价。基本成分测定结果表明:4种海藻中多糖类膳食纤维和粗纤维的含量最高,二者总量均高于50%。粗蛋白质含量以浒苔、龙须菜为高(15.6%~38.2%),羊栖菜(14.6%)、海带(9.12%)较低。17种氨基酸的测定结果表明了4种海藻的氨基酸含量均较高(TAA/CP: 79.8%~91.4%), 必须氨基酸的比率(EAA/TAA:35.4%~40.0%、EAA/NEAA:0.55~0.67)基本符合FAO/WTO 推荐的理想蛋白的氨基酸组成模式。4种海藻均属低脂产物,其脂肪酸结构体现出陆生与水生动植物油脂的共性,富含n-3 PUFA。海藻中矿物元素含量极为丰富,均富含Ca、Mg、K、Na、Fe等元素;浒苔中Mg以及Fe、Zn、Cu、Mn 等4种微量元素的含量均较高。有害元素Pb、Hg、Cd 和As的含量符合《饲料卫生标准》(GB 13078-2001)中鱼粉的限量指标要求。因此,4种海藻均可成为一类富含膳食纤维、富含矿物元素、高蛋白、低脂的天然饲料原料,尤其是浒苔与龙须菜类。
Abstract:
Nutrients in the seaweeds, Enteromorpha, Gracilaria lemaneiformis, Sargassum fusiforme and Laminaria japonica, that were collected from the coastal waters of Fujian were analyzed.The results indicated that the contents of polysaccharide dietary fibers and crude fibers in the seaweeds were more than 50%.Contents of crude protein in Enteromorpha and G.lemaneiformis were 15.6%-38.2%,which were higher than in other seaweeds.The ratios of TAA/protein were 79.8%-91.4%.The essential amino acid compositions of the 4 seaweeds were balanced, i.e., 35.4%-40.0% for EAA/TAA and 0.55-0.67 for EAA/NEAA.The crude fat contents were low for all, but the fatty acids and the ratio of n-3 PUFA/fat were rich.The mineral contents were high as well, especially for Ca, Mg, K, Na and Fe.The contents of Mg, Fe, Zn and Cu in Enteromorpha were higher than other seaweeds.On the other hand, the contents of harmful elements including Pb, Hg, Cd and As were all below the tolerance limits stipulated for fish meal by GB 13078 standard.Therefore, the seaweeds, especially Enteromorpha and G.lemaneiformis, could be considered a safe, natural feedstuff resource rich in dietary fibers, minerals, and proteins, but low in calories.
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