摘要:
针对南方红豆杉生长缓慢的特性,在福建省明溪县设置了林地套栽和农田设施栽培试验,并结合生产经验,提出其短周期药用林高产栽培技术体系。结果表明,利用山地种植,选择透光率为55%～60%的Ⅰ、Ⅱ类立地的残次阔叶林和杉木林冠下,或地形隐蔽、东向的山垅旱地,选用苗高25 cm以上、地径0.25 cm以上的1年生优质苗木造林;利用农田进行庇荫设施高产栽培,应选用苗高在15 cm以上、地径0.15 cm以上规格的苗木栽植,适宜栽植密度为30 cm×30 cm,遮阳透光率在50%左右。苗木栽种后须加强幼林抚育、病虫害防治及配比施用N、P、K肥。利用农田设施栽培和山地种植的南方红豆杉药用林,可分别于栽植后第2～3年和第3～4年秋冬季进行枝叶采收、截干采收和全株采收。截干采收的最佳季节为冬季,截干高度15 cm。
Abstract:
Aimed to overcome the slow-growing disadvantage of Taxus wallichiana var.mairei,trials for inter-planting in forest and field cultivation were conducted.A short rotation and high-yield cultivation method for medicine production purpose was resulted.On mountainous sites,grade Ⅰ or Ⅱ stands including land below the crown of the secondary broadleaf forest and the Chinese-fir plantation or east-facing,shady dry land could be considered for the plantation.The transmittance of crown in the areas should be 55%～60%.One-year-old high quality seedlings above 25 cm tall and 0.25 cm in diameter near the ground-level should be used.For high-yield,field cultivation,shading facility should be considered and seedlings of taller than 15 cm and greater than 0.15 cm in diameter near the ground should be applied.The appropriate density and sunlight transmittance ought to be 30 cm×30 cm and 50%,respectively.After planting,the young trees should be carefully tended,diseases and pests infestation well prevented,and N,P and K fertilizers properly applied.The short rotation and high-yield medicinal plantations of Taxus wallichiana var.mairei cultivated in the field and mountainous sites could begin harvesting branches,leaves,stems or the plant in autumn and winter 2～3 years and 3～4 years after planting,respectively.Winter should be the best season for cutting stems at the height of 15 cm.
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