摘要:
根据田间试验结果,将土壤肥力水平划分为"高"、"中"、"低"3个等级,建立福建省主要粮油作物土壤速效氮磷钾丰缺指标。在校验曲线模型选择上,碱解氮和Olsen-P分别选择对数模型和指数模型,速效钾则选择幂指数模型。结果表明,山区早稻碱解氮、Olsen-P和速效钾的临界指标分别是217 mg•kg-1、26 mg•kg-1、116 mg•kg-1,晚稻则分别为211 mg•kg-1、19 mg•kg-1、105 mg•kg-1;中稻则分别为230 mg•kg-1、24 mg•kg-1、109 mg•kg-1;沿海早稻碱解氮、Olsen-P和速效钾的临界指标分别是193 mg•kg-1、18 mg•kg-1、105 mg•kg-1,晚稻则分别是183 mg•kg-1、17 mg•kg-1、82 mg•kg-1;甘薯土壤碱解氮、Olsen-P和速效钾的临界指标分别为141 mg•kg-1、20 mg•kg-1、135 mg•kg-1,马铃薯分别是207 mg•kg-1、35 mg•kg-1、97 mg•kg-1,花生则分别是123 mg•kg-1、24 mg•kg-1、87 mg•kg-1。水田和旱地土壤碱解氮分别有93.8%和89.5%的土样属于"中"、"低"水平,Olsen-P则分别有62.9%和59.9%的土样属于"高"水平,速效钾则分别有66.5%和87.4%的土样属于"中"、"低"水平,与氮磷钾肥肥效试验结果一致。
Abstract:
This paper illustrates a system,based on the field tests completed,that divided soil fertility into high,medium and low grades and established indices to show the degree of sufficiency or deficiency on available N and P and K in soil for the major crops in Fujian.The results indicated that the logarithm model fitted best for calibrating the alkali-hydrolyzable N,the exponential model for Olsen-P and power model for available K.The critical value of the soil's available nutrient was affected by crop nutrient requirement and planting time.In the mountainous area,the critical values of alkali-hydrolyzable N,Olsen-P and available K for the early-season rice were 217,26 and 116 mg•kg-1,respectively;for the late-season rice,211,19 and 105 mg•kg-1,respectively;and for the mid-season rice,230,24 and 109 mg•kg-1,respectively.In the coastal area,the critical values of alkali-hydrolyzable N,Olsen-P and available K for the early-season rice were 193,18 and 105 mg•kg-1,respectively;and for the late-season rice,183,17 and 82 mg•kg-1,respectively.For the upland crops,the critical values of alkali-hydrolyzable N and Olsen-P and available K for sweet potatoes were 141,20 and 135 mg•kg-1,respectively;for potatoes,207,35 and 97mg•kg-1,respectively;and for peanuts,123,24 and 87 mg•kg-1,respectively.The soil's available nutrient evaluation showed that,based on soil's alkali-hydrolyzable N,93.8% of the paddy soil were of medium grade,and 89.5% of the upland soil samples were of low grades.On the basis of Olsen-P,62.9% of the paddy soils,while 59.9% of the upland soil samples,were of high grade.When the available K was taken into account,66.5% of the paddy soils were considered medium and 87.4% of the upland soils low fertility.These results were in agreement with the conclusions drawn from field experiments that showed N and K high fertilizer efficiency and P lower efficiency.
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