Generating fresh sweet-waxy corn by using molecular marker-assisted selection technology
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摘要:
目的 创制优质甜糯玉米新自交系，探索玉米育种改良新途径，助力福建鲜食玉米产业发展。实现同一个果穗上同时出现甜、糯粒的玉米新品种。 方法 以生产上主推的京科糯2000为材料，经三代系谱选育出优质糯玉米种质GMC013，利用其与甜玉米雪甜 7401 杂交、自交四代；结合分子标记辅助选择和田间选择，聚合玉米胚乳淀粉合成途径中的甜质基因sh2和糯质基因wx，系谱选育优质甜、糯玉米新自交系。结果 利用分子标记辅助选择技术成功创制出甜玉米自交系GM102和糯玉米自交系GM104和GM112。田间试验表明，自交系在生育期、株高、穗位高、穗长、穗粗、鲜百粒重和出籽率等方面达到甜、糯玉米关于品质与外观粒型的认定标准。 结论 利用分子辅助选择技术结合田间选择可精准、高效地创制新的优异玉米自交系，为福建鲜食玉米品种选育提供重要的种质储备与遗传改良资源。 Abstract:Objective To generate new variety of corn that has both sweet and waxy kernels on the same ear of sweet and waxy corn, explore new ways of rice breeding and improvement, and build the Fujian sweet-waxy corn brand. Method Using the main material of Jingkenuo 2000, a high-quality glutinous corn variety, we have developed the new germplasm GMC013 through pedigree breeding. This germplasm was hybridized with the sweet corn variety Xuetian 7401 and self-pollinated. By employing molecular marker-assisted selection and field selection methods, we have consolidated the sweet gene sh2 and the glutinous gene wx from the starch synthesis pathway in corn, creating a new high-quality sweet and glutinous fresh-eating corn germplasm.Result Molecular marker-assisted selection technology has successfully developed sweet variety GM102 and glutinous varieties GM104 and GM112. Field experiments indicate that these inbred lines meet the quality and appearance grain type standards for sweet and glutinous varieties in terms of growth duration, plant height, ear height, ear length, ear thickness, fresh weight of 100 grains, and seed setting rate. Conclusion The use of molecular-assisted selection techniques, combined with field selection, can precisely and efficiently create new superior maize germplasm, providing important genetic resources and reserves for maize variety breeding in Fujian. -
Key words:
- Fresh sweet -waxy corn /
- Marker-assisted selection /
- sh2 /
- wx
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图 1 GMC102、GMC104和GMC112的选育过程
Figure 1. The technical approach for breeding GMC102, GMC104, and GMC112.
图 2 GMC102，GMC104和GMC112检测结果
P1：京科糯2000；P2：雪甜7401；D1-3：GMC102，GMC104，GMC112
Figure 2. Molecular detection of GMC102, GMC104, and GMC112 homozygous lines
P1: Jingkenuo 2000; P2: Xuetian 7401; D1-3: GMC102, GMC104, GMC112
图 3 GMC102、GMC104和GMC112农艺性状特征
Figure 3. Agronomical characteristics of GMC102, GMC104, GMC112
表 1 自交系农艺性状特征
Table 1. Traits of inbred lines in agronomic characteristics
自交系
Inbred
Lines株高
Plant
height/
cm穗位高
Ear height/
cm株型
Plant
type穗长
Ear
length/
cm穗粗
Ear
thickness/
cm秃尖长
Bald
peak/
cm穗型
Ear
type穗行数
Number of
Rows粒色
Grain
color鲜百粒重
Fresh hundred
grains heavy/g鲜出籽 率
Fresh seed
extraction rate/%GMC104 195.5 72.8 半紧凑
Semi-compact14.1 4.1 0 筒型
Cylindrical14 白色
White24.5 72.5 GMC112 185.3 73.5 半紧凑
Semi-compact15.4 4.2 0 筒型
Cylindrical14 白色
White25.3 73.8 京科糯2000
Jingkenuo2000
（CK）275.0 133.0 半紧凑
Semi-compact21.9 5.3 1.2 锥型
Cone14 白色
White37.1 68.6 GMC102 178.2 65.5 半紧凑
Semi-compact13.4 4.1 0 筒锥型
Tube cone type13 白色
White15.5 71.5 雪甜7401
Xuetian7401（CK）164.8 36.6 平展 Flat 20.7 4.9 0.5 长锥
Long cone15 白色
White40.8 62.9 
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