Effect of Rotational Planting of Vegetables and Rice with Economic Vegetable Fertilization on N and P in Leached Water of Soil Pillar
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摘要: 根据蔬菜和早稻在氮磷营养特性上的差异,探讨菜稻轮作结合蔬菜经济施肥在治理菜田氮磷肥面源污染上的效果。四季豆-胡瓜-早稻轮作制的不同施肥模式田间试验表明,经济施肥模式在1个轮作周期的净增收达145 771元hm-2,比不施肥增加29.5%,比习惯施肥增加9.3%;菜稻轮作结合经济施肥在早稻收获时的土柱渗漏水硝态氮和总磷浓度分别比基础土壤下降了14.9%和7.4%。氮磷营养特性分析表明,施肥条件下早稻氮磷需肥量较少,是一种环境友好型的农作物;菜稻轮作结合经济施肥模式使氮磷肥表观利用率分别达到59.2%和34.7%,比两季蔬菜平均提高了6.9和6.4个百分点,比习惯施肥分别提高了20.0和23.2个百分点,促进了氮磷养分的高效利用。Abstract: Due to different nutritive requirements between the vegetables and early-mature rice, this experimentation studied the effect of a rotational planting of the crops with economic fertilization for the vegetables on soil pollution due to leached N and P. The planting experiment in the field with rotation of kidney beans, cucumber and early-mature rice showed a net income of 145 771 yuanhm-2 in a single cycle, an increase by 29.5% over control, or 9.3% as compared to the conventional practice. At the time when the rice was harvested, the total N and P concentrations in the water in the treatment soil pillar decreased by 14.9% and 7.4%, respectively, as compared to those in the basic soil. The rotational planting of vegetables and rice reduced the N and P requirements of the early-mature rice, besides being environmentally friendly. The N and P recovery rates reached 59.2% and 34.7%, respectively, with the rotational planting. They increased by 6.9% and 6.4%, respectively, over control, or by 20.0% and 23.3%, respectively, over the conventional practice. The new practice improved the N and P utilization by a wide margin resulting in a maximized economic benefit. At the same time, it also decreased the amount of N and P leached into the garden soil minimizing the environmental pollution.
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Key words:
- Vegetable /
- early-mature rice /
- rotational planting /
- nitrogen fertilizer /
- phosphate fertilizer /
- pollution /
- control
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[1] [2] [3] [4] 曹志洪, 林先贵, 杨林章,等. 论稻田圈在保护城乡生态环境中的功能, Ⅱ.稻田土壤氮素养分的累积、迁移及其生态环境意义[J]. 土壤学报,2006,43(2):256-260.
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