建立柑桔无病采穗母本园和培育无病苗的试验报告
A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE ESTABLISHMENT OF DISEASE-FREE MOTHER TREES AND NURSERY TREES OF CITRUS IN FUJIAN PROVINCE
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摘要: 种植无病苗是综合防治措施中的一个关键环节,可以使新区不发生黄龙病及其他病毒病,使老病区新果园减少或消灭发病中心,减轻为害。1978年以来,在我省闽侯县南屿乡村下村隔离山地,从事建立柑桔无病中心采穗母本园及培育无病苗的研究。在19个柑桔优质、丰产及外表健康的单株中,通过湿热空气、抗生素及茎尖微芽嫁接的脱除病原处理和生物测定、电镜检查及血清测定的鉴定后,选出11个无病单株,繁育了无病母本树共3897株,定植于无病中心采穗母本园中。1984年,与省农业厅及市、县农业局合作,分别在长泰县、永春县和三明市建立三个市、县级无病采穗母本园,种植各种柑桔无病母本树分别为1880株、1825株及3200株。迄今,上述各级采穗母本园里的柑桔单株母本树10802株,有的已定植5~6年,已开始采穗、采果,均生长良好,无发现黄龙病及其他异常表现。从无病母本树采穗繁育的苗木同样是无病的。四年内,在各地推广种植无病苗约两万多株,均无发现黄龙病。Abstract: The integrated disease management of practicing severe quarantine, cultivating disease-free nursery tree,eradicating diseased plants and killing vectors is the effective measure to control citrus yellow shoot disease and other virus diseases. Planting disease-free nursery tree is the key of control measures, because it can prevent the citrus tree in new areas from yellow shoot disease and reduce or eradicate infection centre in the new citrus orchards of the old diseased areas.From spring of 1978, we began the research work on establishing disease-free mother trees and nursery trees in a well isolated place in Min-Hou county of Fujian province. Parent source trees were selected from various citrus areas in Fujian. Most parent source trees were chosen for true-to-type,good fruit production and very healthy in appearance. The budsticks taken from each parent source tree were treated by hot-moist air, antibiotic and tip-stem micrograft for an attempt to eradicate yellow shoot pathogen and other virus carried. The treated bud was grafted on the rootstock grown from seed which was disinfected by hot water treatment for propagating mother tree candidates. The mother tree candidates were indexed by three ways of electron microscope exam i nation,biological test and serological test for detection of virus and virus-like pathogen, such as yellow shoot procaryote, tristeza virus and exocortis virosis which have been known in China. Buds were taken from these disease-free mother trees in the following year for propagating disease-free nursery trees by grafting them on rootstocks growing from hot water treated seeds(see Fig.1). By the spring of 1983, 11 of 19 parent source trees, namely sweet orange CV. Snow, sweet orange CV. Tai 1, sweet orange CV. Shenghui, sweet orange CV. Liu, sweet orange CV. Shu llou, mandarin CV. Bei-keng 2,mandarin CV. Bei-Lan, mandarin CV. Tai 1, Ponkan CV. Tin-Ma, ponkan CV. Nan-Jen and Tankan, were chosen and used as disease-free mother trees, and planted in the mother tree foundation in Min-Hou county. When the inspections were made cut on the occurrence of diseases after 2-3 years, none of 3897 mother trees showed yellow shoot disease and other abnormities. In 1984, cooperated with Fujian Agricultural Bureau, we set up other three disease-free mother tree foundations in Chang-Tai county, Yong-Chun county and San-Min county. During this period, 20,000 nursery trees were propagated and sold to various villages and national citrus farms. Those orchards planted with such nursery trees are free from yellow shoot disease,but some of them planted with other nursery trees together were soon infected by Canker disease. The results show that it is possibility to establish mother tree foundation free of yellow shoot disease and other virus diseases above mentioned for propagating disease-free nursery trees in the well isolated localities by methods.
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