早稻78130的选育和育种技术的探讨
SELECTIVE BREEDING AND BREEDING TECHNIQUE OF THE EARLY RICE 78130
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摘要: 1978年秋,用汕优2号与威20杂交,经连续四代选择高结实率优良株系,育成了新品种78130。此品种主茎15叶,早季全生育期125~130天,倒种春115天;株态近似汕优2号,但剑叶短直;每亩有效穗20~25万,每穗60~80粒,结实率稳定90%以上,千粒重27~28克,亩产400~450公斤,高产可上500公斤;耐寒又耐淹,抽穗扬花期对风雨适应性好;高抗稻瘟病,兼抗白叶枯病和稻曲病;后期根叶不早衰,谷粒饱满;适应性广;米质中上。1983~1985三年累计全省推广约260万亩。若每亩以最低增产量25公斤计算,全省可增粮6500万公斤以上;包括粮食增产,种子加价和节省防病工本,其社会效益可达2000万元。经福建省农作物品种审定委员会审定,列为全省推广早稻良种之一。1986年早季,全省种植面积可达250万亩以上。Abstract: In the fall of 1978, a new variety, early rice 78130 was bred by crossing Shan You 2 with V20 through careful choice of four generations in succession. The entire growth period of the variety is 125-130 days in spring planting and 115 days in ’’Dao Zhong Chun"(i.e.summer planting with the seeds of spring planting). This variety of rice has fifteen main stalks per seedling. Its plant form is similar to that of Shan You 2, but its sword-leaves are short and straight. Its total efficient ears per mu(1/15 hectare)are 200,000-250,000. Each ear has 60-80 grains, and bearing ratio is stabilized above 90%. The thousand-grain weight is 27-28 gram, thus the yield is 400-500 kilogram per mu and the highest yield may be even 500 kilogram per mu. The early rice 78130 is hardness and flood-tolerant, and has a good adaptability to wind and rain during the earing and flowering stages.It is highly blast-resistant,bacterial leaf bligh-tresistant and rice false smut resistant simultaneously. The roots and leaves of the variety don’t decline earlier than usual at late stage. It has wide-adaptability. The seeds are plump and rice quality is better than the average.In three years, 1983-1985, the total sown area in Fujian Provice accounts for approximately 2.6 million mu. If the yield is at least increased twenty-five kilogram per mu, the total yield increased is sixty-five million kilogram. As a result of popularizing 2.6 million mu of the variety 78130, its social benefit including the increment of the grain, the raise of the price of the seed, and saving of labor and material of protection from diseases can reach 20 million yuan in three years. Fujian Provincial Variety Identifying Committee of Farm Crops has already identified it to be one of the improved popular varieties of the early rice through out the province. Fujian’s sown area may reach 2.5 million mu in 1986.
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[1] 黄幼雄等,1983,早稻常规种-78130,龙溪农业科技1.
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