籼型杂交水稻汕优63及其恢复系明恢63的选育研究
RICE BREEDING FOR THE HYBRID COMBINATION OF SHANYOU 63 AND ITS RESTORER LINE MINGHUI 63
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摘要: 明恢63是用IR30与圭630杂交育成的。汕优63是珍汕97不育系与明恢63配组育成的杂交水稻新组合。它具有高产、优质、抗瘟和适应性广等优点,成为全国杂交水稻中主要的当家组合。1982~1985年参加全国、省、市三级区试,多居首位。平均亩产482.0公斤,比对照组合(汕优2号、6号等)平均亩增68.0公斤,增产16.15%。三年(1983~1985年)来在南方稻区各省推广近千万亩,1986年达3500万亩。1985年全国推广1000万亩估计增产稻谷6.5亿公斤,其社会经济效益将超过1.5亿元。根据栽培技术研究和大面积生产示范实践证明,汕优63仍有很大潜力,抓好良种良法,可达到更高的产量,取得更显著的经济效益。Abstract: Years after cultivation, the hybrid combinations Shanyou No.2 and Siyou No.2 were gradually losing their resistance to blast because their restorer line IR24 was susceptible. In order to solve this probelm.a new restorer line Minghui 63 was produced by crossing IR 30 and Gui 630; Shanyou 63 by crossing restorer line Minghui 63 and ms line Zhenshan 97A. Reasults showed that this combination was marked by higher yield, better grain quality, more resistance to blast and extensive adaptability.It had extended rapidly, ranking first on the list in the planting area. In 1986 it covered 2. 26 million hectares in the south of China. Between 1982 and 1985, it usually took the lead in area whether in the country or in local districts; the average yield from 1982-1985 was 7.2T/ ha, increasing by 1.02T/ha or 16.1% as compared with the check combinations Shanyou No.2 and Shanyou No.6. It is estimated that the total yield increased by 1986 amounted 2.89 million tons. This combination was especially fit to grow as a medium variety because its growth period lasts 4-5 days longer than that of Shanyou No.2. If it is used as a late variety in the double cropping system, the sowing date should be taken into considerations in order to avoid the autumn cool. It is estimated that this combination will exten its planting area in the south of China and develop its social efficiency. And the other new combinations with the restorer line Minghui 63 are being experimented with and are under development.
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